Best theories explain crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Best theories explain crime - Essay Example there argon numerous theories such as rational choice theory, strain theory, affectionate disorganization theory, social learning theory, and social control theory, labeling theory as well as biology, genetics and evolution. Although there are many theories that have been put forward to explain why some people have high-pitched propensity to commit crime, I find strain theory to be the most suitable for explaining crime.Robert Merton, a sociologist from the United States, was the first to assess criminal behavior using Strain Theory in 1938. gibe to Mertons Strain theory, all members of the society have the same aspirations, but have varying opportunities or abilities to achieve their aspirations (Agnew & Brezina, 2010). Consequently some people will fail to achieve what the society expects of them through authorized ways like embracing hard work first then enjoying the fruits of labor later in life. Merton identified and explored five basic adaptations of people who cannot legitimately achieve the societal aspirations. These include innovation, rebellion, conformity, retreatism and ritualism (Rios, 2007). Conformity is where a person acknowledges that he or she cannot attain goals expected by the society and embrace the limited opportunities indoors their reach. Innovation is where an individual resort to illegal means to attain societal goals. Rebellion is where an individual disowns twain societal goals as well as the means of achieving them and decides to give life a different approach. Retreatism as well rejects societal goals and means of attaining them while ritualism is where an individual gives up hope on societal goals, but appease embraces the means of achieving them (Rios, 2007).The choice of Mertons Strain theory as the most appropriate for explaining crime is intercommunicate by its pragmatic approach and coverage. Strain theory further takes into consideration cognitive dissonance for every(pr enominal) societal member in examining the tendency of

Cinematic Arts Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

cinematic humanistic discipline - Personal Statement ExampleA critical analysis of my resume indicates an extremely disciplined, focused and make mind, firstly as an operational specialist in the U.S. Navy and later as an administrative garter to Arnold Schwarzenegger. In the U.S. Navy, I was responsible for the computer-assisted authorizations and instructions upon which the lives of Navy pilots depended. This was a high degree of responsibility and needful great attention to detail and precision of communication. It also required me to quickly comprehend complex situations at a lower place stress and to explain clearly and quickly the logic of my decisions to aircraft personnel. In addition in instances where weather conditions could of a sudden alter flight plans, I had to demonstrate the flexibility of thinking. My interest in media was nurtured within the political bailiwick both before and after working for the U.S. Navy. In the Department of Labor, I was most interested to exile research on media outlets and to understand how the flow of information works between a government touch and the broadcast media. I gained an taste into what is categorized as confidential information and what information is freely available, adult me a feel for information that might be missing when I read political articles in the newspapers. Working closely to briefs from Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, I created publicity materials within a marketing plan, grownup me greater confidence and understanding in the critical assessment of written documents and the message they convey. I provided the downplay information for press conferences from newspaper cuttings and in so doing had to understand the views of many different journalists and to have esthesia for how subjects might be reported.2) Career Objectives All of the experience I have had win political offices has abandoned me a great interest in understanding fields related to politics and condescension and how they move with the media. I can see myself working in fields related to broadcast and film coverage, so one possibility, for example, would be public relations within military organizations e.g. the public affairs office of the U.S. Navy.One of my greatest ambitions is to be able to produce broadcast political shows on national T.V. that give people insight into the political issues of our season. In this I feel a PhD in Critical Studies at the School of Cinematic Arts will assist me greatly.My favorite media reading is the Washington Post and Hollywood Reporter, and I enjoy watching both Western and Chinese films from political blockbusters and thrillers (e.g. Oliver Stones JFK) to martial art movies (e.g. John Woo) and those based on Chinese literature such as Red Cliff (dir John Woo) and Crouching Tiger , Hidden genus Draco (dir Ang Lee). I feel my background to date is very solid in demonstrating critical analysis skills during my time as a U.S. Navy Operational Speciali st, political communication skills through my time liaising with the media in the offices of Gov. Schwarzenegger, and business analysis and organizational skills learnt through my current Masters in Business administration and management.

Final Project Milestone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

net Project Milestone - Essay ExampleThis guard also deals with radicalism revolving round and throbbing on a platform of piety. The book Milestone also focuses on issue concerned with politics yet religion cannot be completely separated from the topical discussion within the context of the book.The issues of politics and religion operating(a) hand in hand is a very commonplace idea but the representation of this severe issue in an ludicrous style because the execution in 1964 for the cause of a movement and establishing a moral, social order and attainment of justice, Qutb gave his life. A document written just few years in front his death bears some strong arguments which are innovative and novice at any level and therefore, the book indeed is a milestone in the cannon of political books. Like the name of the book, it bears quite a few epoch making doctrines pertaining to Islamic radicalism and its effect and implementation in the western countries, which made it very much t rue to its name. Whether with the translated name of Milestone or often known with the name of Signposts, the book is unique in its style, content and representation. The book is a burning document on the issues like racial par and

Today Media Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Today Media - Research Paper ExampleAdvertisements brush off distort reality. It is a one-sided stand in order to obtain corporate goals. Lastly, some reference does non have enough ability to understand advertisements purpose. Based on these reasons, the proponent was able to use important journal articles, and books in line with understanding the very nature of publicise and its impact on the society. Furthermore, other important related concepts in other fields such as psychology, and sociable science are integrated within the concept of mass communication and the social media. In doing this, further justification of the use of advertising as efficient approach in conveying cultivation is justified. The important implications of advertising in the society are also discussed based on other applicable and practical examples commonly observed in common and various ads. Introduction Certain ads are effective in conveying information to the extent that consumer persuasion is at a higher level. This persuasion at a higher level is very influential in trying to convince people of reliable ideas. For example, tobacco marketing is associated with youth take in, their behaviors towards it and their intention to smoke (Hanewinkel, Isensee, Sargent, & Morgenstern, 2010). However, anti-tobacco media campaigns are found helpful in smoking cessation (Biener, Reimer, Wakefield, Szczypka, Rigotti, & Connolly, 2006). Furthermore, anti-tobacco television ads using fear and disgust contents have been found signifi bottomlandt on resources intended for message encoding, recognition memory and emotional responses (Leshner, Bolls & Wise, 2011, p. 77). These only show that advertising is effective look of communicating ideas, information and other relevant social concerns. In particular, advertising activities are integral separate of marketing and other related social interactions that aim to promote certain ideas, opinions or products and services. For a keen-sighted period of time, ads are used to convey significant information and people are learning more things from them. The very proof why ads are effective is their continuing existence in the media, and other related mass communication today. If they are not that effective, then they should have been long banished and should never be the base options on the list among marketers and some people. However, certain ads should be banned in the interest of health, morality, annoyance alcohol, cigarettes, prescription medicine meds, etc due to the following reasons. Advertisements distort reality The advancement of technology makes it possible for advertisers to distort reality by creating much of virtual reality (Frith & Mueller, 2010). It has long been contended that advertisements tend to distort the reality, but the availability of much go technology has become the doorway to create more virtual reality. There are many addressable animated commercial advertisements today that try to dist ort the picture of reality. What the advertisers try to promote is the product itself and not the entire concept of the social reality. These highly animated commercials are without question attractive to the extent they can actually catch attention. Some of them moved out from the bound of morality and other relevant social issues. These ads might be considered the reality among children so it is important to consider that unrealistic ads should be totally

High School Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

High schoolhouse Experience - Essay ExampleTherefore, my expectations in the International school yield been a little contrary from my prior exposure.I encounter a new set of challenges. First, I had a problem digest along with my colleagues who I could see they were taken aback by my presence. In several occasion, I had been forestall because I was unwelcome to join the groups. Every time I did, they would abruptly stop talking and inspect at me. This made me run over weeks without making even a single friend. For this reason, I have had a problem learning about the programs and activities of my new school.In my former high school, learning was easy, and I could get along with my teachers. However, in my new school I have had a problem correspondence the teachers. Learning has been different, as I have been used to writing notes on the chalkboard. Here, the teachers teach as educatee writes their note. This made my learning so difficult at first, but I have come to understa nd, and straightway things are much better.I took the time getting to know my new teachers. The school has a commodious population and getting an appointment is much difficult. This made learning a bit difficult in the beginning, as I could not seek help from most of the teachers. Moreover, my new school is among the best perform in the State, and this is the reason that made my parent seek transfer from my former school. Therefore, the expectation of teachers from the student has been high compared to what I have been used. This got me in trouble, as I could not perform well compared to another student. I felt like in the wilderness alone for a long period until I better my grades. It is through class work that I first made friends. Out of sheer frustration to get my class work done, I had to consult my classmate.However, with time my new friends introduced me to sports. I have been a football player, but I could not get it easy in my new school. I resulted in vie basketball. It was my first time playing

Before Philidelphia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Before Philidelphia - Essay poserThe area was rich in biodiversity especially wildlife that gave them inquisition grounds. The hunting was a responsibility of the men, and they were accountable for the hunting schedules.They to a fault stayed around a fresh water body the Delaware river- that promoted fishing. The area also provided them with shelter where their live quarters were bark and grass covered long houses. The topography of the area gave an added advantage especially with their enemies- it is a good statement to say that the place was secure. Moreover, the general climate was that the humans could bear- their summers was not too hot neither were their winters too cold.On the discovery of this world by Christopher Columbus, the colonists thought it was wise to put up a colony here. With a great source of water, they had an idea that it would supply their industries with water for manufacturing. Being that they were settlers, farming must have been one of the interests and the fertile soil in the area was such a blessing. There was also ready labor the Delaware Indians were many and helped them in their daily economic activities.When it all started, the settling of the Europeans in the Delaware Indians land under the table hands of William Penn it was very peaceful. It is because William was one pious man who swear in his faith convicted in peace and equality. These are the same qualities that the Delaware Indians believed in. It do Penns rapport with the lodge very intense and probably led to the end of the malicious thought (Penn, 1970).Penn was very courteous and maxim it wise to send a letter before his arrival notifying the Lenape of his intentions and asking them for their permission to employ their land and live among them. The Lenape approved of his arrival in their lands, looking forward to their new relationship with the coming settlers.Penn made it as the governor of Pennsylvania where people lived in peace until he passed on.

Company Strategy Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

companion Strategy Analysis - Research Paper ExampleThe market for cell phone has also hold up very competitive. In this context, the purpose of the following paper is to illustrate how the modern companies make money and how they postulate with others. Based on the research of Xiaomi, Inc., the paper will investigate how well the company positioned itself in much(prenominal) industry. It will also give the management of the companys performance evaluation and show whether its flow rate strategy is sufficient to guide the company into its future.According to Prasad and Sahoo (2011), China, India, USA and Russia are among the top countries where people uptake mobile phones and this number is increasing as the users are interested in having more than one spin at a time.That fact gives many local and international companies to be interested in conniption their business in such promising markets (Prasad & Sahoo, 2011). Thus, Xiaomi, a Chinese company, worlds 3rd largest smartphon e distributor focused on selling its low-cost phones with its flash sales, which have helped Xiaomi to get the top position in both 2014Q4 and 2014 in China. Apple, its main rival, placed the second position in 2014Q4 since its iPhone 6 and 6 Plus were only launched in China. Huawei takes the third placein terms of smartphone shipments, because it had many models in the low-end and mid-range segment (The China Smartphone Market Picks Up Slightly in 2014Q4, IDC Reports, 2015). The success of Xiaomi is explained by smart people once collected from Google, Kingsoft and Microsoft in come out to create hardware, software and internet devices. It is now the international company that satisfies customers needs in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines India and Indonesia (About Xiaomi, (n.d.). Reid (2014) states that in its want to overtake its main rivals, Samsung and Apple, Xiaomi successfully uses Chinese and

Using Your adopt a Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Using Your adopt a Business - Assignment ExampleOn that note, pre-purchase involve an awareness of the clients such as the products and services they want. Additionally, in sensitization of awareness, the retailer must regard the preferences and tastes of clients and receive a reliable feedback (Jefferson). That aspect brings us to information attempt. In graze to gather a database related to customers, the employment retailer should venture in the field and ask questions. Similarly, after information search an evaluation of alternatives and decision concerning purchase is significant. Furthermore, in a service encounter stage, an evaluation of contacts in hurt of low and high should be considered. This assists in understanding of the servuction system and implications on service delivery in the business and how it affects clients. Additionally, in the post-purchase stage, a strict analysis of service performance is imperative in order to plan for future intentions.However, in F lower of Service Model there are various dimensions of how the business fits. For example, starting with business core service, payment before any delivery is extended to the customers. Furthermore, in wrong of customer satisfaction, when one petal of the flower is broken such as hospitality during service, clients are limit point to complain. Therefore, in applying Flower of Service Model, the retailer receives information through consultation from various sources (Mary). In addition, the retailer should consider taking orders earlier to avoid running out of job. This will involve recording billings of stock and purchases made and profits and losses incurred. Alternatively, in terms of enhancement and facilitation of customer processes, the model, customers need to given relevant information connected to commodities and services offered by the retailer. Additionally, information should cover issues of sales, product change, warnings and reminders among others.There are legion(p redicate)

Unexpected College Life Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Unexpected College Life - Personal statement ExampleI heard that some companies are offering a scholarship for excellent students to canvass abroad in either in the USA, UK even Japan and Korea. One day, me and my family went to my grandmothers home base and spent the weekend. It is nonpareil and a half hour far away in the capital urban center of Abu Dhabi. There I met my uncles Obaid and Khalid who graduated from the USA as engineers. I have been impressed listening to their stories and college intent here in US and it felt like my college life journey already began during that day. Afterwards, I went erupt to the big garden that is surrounded by the palm trees and took I took a deep breath epoch I was pondering whether I wanted to study abroad or apply in one of many universities in my country. It was one of the most difficult choice I have to make and I decided to study abroad. I worked hard in the last semester to raise my grade so that I will have a better chance to be accepted in one of those scholarships that companies offer. As a result, I got a grade of 96.5 when I graduated from high school. I was so prosperous and my whole family was very proud of me. They prepared a big party for my graduation. I was very glad but I was also concerned about the scholarship so the fun only lasted for a shorted time. I have to apply for my scholarship. I applied for two companies which are National Electronic gage System (NESA) and Abu Dhabi National Oil Company. My first option was NESA because my best friends also applied for scholarship in the same company and ADNOC was my second option.

Running the business from the palm of your hand Essay

Running the business from the palm of your hand - Essay ExampleIn this context the meandering(a) digital platform is gaining significance nowadays. Now people are using their mobile as a means not only to call, chat or message, but to carry out their business functions as well since mobile is one thing they always carry with them. With the introduction of smooth OS wish iPhone OS, Android, Windows OS people are developing apps which caters to everyday needs right from their home to business. Hence finish making companies like GP Apps, IndiaNIC, Grapple, SourceBits etc.are coming out with apps which cater to everyday business needs. Mobile application is software developed to serve a specific need of individuals, business organization etc.Business Functions are basically operations that need to be carried out by an organization. Like for a Software company the key operations are writing codes, testing, maintenance etc. For a pious platitude it is accepting deposits, giving loans etc. In TCHO Chocolate, which creates unique flavors of chocolate uses iPhone applications that helps his business process function smoothly. It enables the proprietor Timothy Childs to remotely control the Flavor Machine, control the time, temperatures, and turn on and off whenever he needs. by dint of the app Childs can remotely project several(prenominal) video cameras and thus know the status of the factory. General electric Mobile has their own Mobile center of excellence which develops apps which caters to their business needs. For GEs Sales and merchandise personnel it acts as a great boon as they can share business learning and presentation with their colleagues and guests. They also use Transformer Monitoring app which manages their gas turbine inventory and electric transformers in the whole world. along with it their PDS Movement planner helps monitor railway tracks and diagnose the locomotives. In Dow Corning, the employees use a Roambi Visualizer app which helps them to view the business data including sales figures, their trends and projections in real time basis and analyze them. Their Analytics App for iPhone monitors the Web target traffic along with the online sales for their XIAMETER brand. Using these executives monitors globally what contents are useful for them. Sunbelt Rentals uses Mobile SalesPro app which integrates several databases and systems for the sales team. Hence this helps the sales team to stay up breast with the latest information on rental rates and availability of equipment. Answer 2 Operational efficiency is the ratio between the stimulus that a business needs and the output which a business delivers. Inputs can be people, money or time. Outputs are new customers, money, innovation, speed, customer loyalty etc. (Kenneth, 2010, p.81). There are several reasons as to why a business should invest in information systems. 1. Operational excellence Information helps managers to achieve high levels of productivity and efficiency in business operations. For example Wal-Mart uses a RetailLink system, which links their suppliers to all Wal-Marts stores. When a customer purchases an item, the supplier knows that he has to ship a

Gideon v. Wainwright Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Gideon v. Wainwright - Assignment ExampleThis holding was informed by the rationale that it is common sense that lawyers form an integral part in the due process as they ensure that defendants get fair trial, which is not only criminal justice systems butt but also constitutional requirement. The holding was also informed by the following precedents Powell v aluminum Smith v OGrady, and Grosjean v American Press Co (Perry 46).The 14th Amendment imposes the obligation upon the States to nominate counsel for poor defendants. Since the defendants constitutional rights should be upheld at all times, defendants should have the right to have financial aid of counsel for their defense. The 14th Amendment is very categorical that no State shall enforce any law which shall prostitute the immunities of the United States citizens nor deny any person within their specific jurisdiction the equal protection as required by the law (Perry 11). Therefore, Gideon should have been entitled to defen se counsel in the trial

Conflict Prevention, Development, And Peace-Building Assignment

Conflict Prevention, Development, And Peace-Building - Assignment ExampleIn saying this, the germ generalized his assertions, insinuating that all Secretary-Generals successes have been predetermined by the performance of their predecessors. Research shows that Secretary Generals, desire Boutros Boutros-Ghali and Dag Hammarskjold, introduced new approaches to the UNs operation and were largely successful in terms of changes made and the resources in stock(predicate) to them at the time. The author provides a comprehensive and critical examination of the issues highlighted at the beginning of the article. Although some of the claims be misplaced, there is no ambiguity in his approach to the discussion. I have learned that peaceful settlements and deviation resolution are multidimensional concepts that require good interplay between multiple entities. For example, from a superficial bit of view, it lots seems like the UN is at fault for most of the conflicts witnessed thus far. However, the author takes time to inform the proofreader that the UN is just a proxy for member states it does what it is told, not the other way round. People are often quick to ask, where is the UN? and what is the UN doing?, when in actual sense it is the member countries that determine its course of action. Countries that sit on the UN protective covering Council are especially guilty of micromanaging the organization because of their influence. For example, in the Korean War, the United States was primarily responsible for the UNs conclusiveness to enter the conflict.

Promotion of Liberal values by states Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Promotion of Liberal values by tells - Essay ExampleFurther it likewise chip ins the idea that the spread of heavy(p)ism will not necessarily result in shape of complete quietness and prosperity in the world.In order to understand the prescribed role of the liberal states by the Liberalism hypothesis it is important to understand the theory. Liberalism is an ideology, philosophy, and political tradition that holds casualness as the primary political value. Broadly speaking, liberalism seeks a society characterized by freedom of thought for individuals, limitations on power, especially of government and religion, the rule of law, the free shift of ideas, a market economy that supports relatively free private enterprise, and a transparent system of government in which the rights of minorities are guaranteed. In modern society, liberals favor a liberal democracy with open and fair(a) elections, where all citizens have equal rights by law and an equal opportunity to succeed. ( Wikipedia, 2006)The essential characteristic of the liberal theory of the state is the doctrine of jurisdiction. The liberalism theory emphasizes on the limited area of power and authority for the state. Liberalism provides undertake boundaries to the state beyond which the state cannot trespass. The dogma of the limited power of state is the characteristic, which signifies the theory of Liberalism from Socialism in which the power of state is unlimited and Anarchists, according to whom the state does not have any significance. According to the modern socialist theory the most important factor is the economic efficiency rather than that of individual liberty and limited government. In order to undertake a discussion of the extent to which the use of power in the spreading the Liberal values is justified we will analyze the principles of Liberalism.The first and the foremost important principle of liberal theory are that the state is not superior to all the institutions. In fact s tate is also a social institution as other social institutions. All the institutions related to the specify field have relatively more power concerning the field as compare to other institutions. extract has its own limitations and boundaries. It has to act in those boundaries. (Cooray)War has remained an issue of concern for most of the countries and nations. The formation of the international institutions much(prenominal) as League of Nations and the UN is the part of efforts of the nations towards establishing peace in the world. But still the notion of war is present in shape of the process of fighting terrorism and intervention to establish democracies. In case of the fall upon of U.S and its allies at Iraq and the refusal of the United States to follow the suggestion of United Nations to resolve the matter through peaceful talks, denies the first role of the favourable position of the institutions on the state. United States used her economic dominance and military superi ority in the world to make all the countries, including its enemies and allies to support the decision of war against Iraq through utilise force. The second principle of the liberal theory of the state is that the state ought to respect the error principle. (Cooray) According to the fault principle the state cannot punish an individual or cause him any harm with

Kindergarten Language Lesson Plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Kindergarten phraseology Lesson Plan - Term Paper Exampleideology puts focus on the needs of the times and what be needed to become a productive member of society and thereby design the educational curricula check to the assessed need of the time. It emphasizes skills and competencies that have to be learned in order to survive in the real world. key to your copy of the Goal Three Standards. List three(3) appropriate standards and describe the activities provided for students in this lesson that demonstrate the Goal 3 Standards. How do these relate to the assignment?In introducing the lesson to the pupils, the audience has to consider as children who loves to play and have scam attention span. Such, the lesson has to be presented as fun and engaging for the lesson to be effective.1. Encourage children to talk what is their favorite secret plan and then ask them to describe them. Most standardizedly boys result talk about sports while girls will talk about their friends. The imp ortance in this activity is to engage the pupils to express themselves.2. Second, ask them why they like such games. This will provide the teacher an opportunity to assess the language skill level of pupils and finish apply necessary changes in the lesson plan when appropriate.Kindergarten is the stage where children argon beginning to read or has well(p) learned how to read. This skill must be enhanced to enable the pupils to acquire other knowledge finished the skill of reading.1. Colorful representation of the alphabets should be used where consonants and vowels are segregated. Most likely, children already know what they are but it would be necessary for them to recite them just to familiarize them.3. When the pupil has already a cargo deck that the combination of consonants and vowels actually forms a give voice, they will be engaged in a game of word creation where they will be given letter blocks to construct words by pairing the letters.1. To raise children to work ind ependently and still interested with the subject matter, present them

Association of Islam with violence in the West Term Paper

Association of Islam with violence in the West - Term makeup ExamplePreviously preaching from Mecca, where he faced persecution, he fled with his followers to Medina. It is in this city that ghostly conflicts between Muslims and Christians began (Juergensmeyer 13). He fought with the Jews and conquered them. He succeeded in uniting the tribes of Arabia but finally died at the age of 62 in the year 632. After his death, succession disputes broke giving rise to schism in Islam which culminated to the brass of the two Islamic groups. The Islamic religion expanded both by virtual of conquest and dovish means. Trade was a major expansion tool. Muslims invaded Sub-Saharan West Africa and China for trade and virtually predominate the export-import industry and with it, came the spread of Islam. Its unique cultural style began to diversify and with it state converted to the religion. The ultimate event is the association of Islam with eminent violence (Juergensmeyer 13). Study findin gs and discussions Argued from all sides and delinking the fact from ones religion, the assertion that Islam religion is lurid is part true and partly false. There is no clear consensus on the nature of Islam religion. Although violence is prevalent in almost the whole world involving many religions like Buddhism, Christianity and Hinduism, the world associates Islamic religion with violence more(prenominal) than any other religion. Historical events like conquering of Spain by Muslims, Christian crusades started by Christians and the Ottoman control of Eastern Europe showcase Islamic relation to force and power. Recent violent movements in the diaphragm East which are advanced in the name of Islam and efforts to resolve conflicts and conditions created by the West in try to force Western ideas in the Muslim have merely served to reinforce the view that Islam is a violent religion (Wilkinson 20). It is evident that though Westerners have created this notion historically, Islam has had no more conflicts than any other westbound civilization. Violence by all means takes different forms and definitions based on the prevailing situation and environment. check to Islam, force is to be found everywhere in humans and the environment. Violence in Islamic teachings is just used in accordance with the divine law. Use of force can only be use if equilibrium is to be maintained. Restoration of a broken equilibrium is accepted as a needed means of maintaining a just system. Excessive use of force creates a disequilibrium and disorder resulting to more injustice. In fact, excessive use of force depends on circumstances but with the aim of establishing equilibrium and not to match individuals interests or for sectarian reasons (Rapoport 659). Although Islam has endured a lot of invasions and attacks, peace is still felt in areas where traditional Islamic teachings are maintained. Islam is opposed to the use of force on the basis of inflicting injuries except in wa r and executing punishments according to the Sharia law. Islamic law protects the rights of both Muslims and non-Muslims and is opposed to the use of force against other peoples rights. If the violation of peoples rights occurs then that is against the Islamic teachings. Regardless of the various negative economic, neighborly and sectarian factors

Finding and Contribution Essay Example for Free

Finding and Contribution EssayAccording to many studies and researches everyplace the past 30 years have shown there is an existence of a positive relationship among CSP and CFP. (Frooman, 1997) The data accumulated over the past 30 years do not support the current contingency theory in the area of collective social accountability. (Soana, 2011) Some authors argue that sincere CFP leads to good CSP because more than profitable companies have more resources for investing in socially responsible initiatives. On the an early(a)(prenominal) hand, some others believe that integrated Social Responsibility can determine higher financial results convey to strategy reassessment, process improvement, and employee, customer and local community loyalty. As well as, the positive relationship surrounded by CFP and slack resources argument of CSP could not cover the weaker of the negative relationship itself.Some firms lead the solution for CSP by motivating and using ecological bu t still practice profit maximation in the common wealthiness of premature of their companys lifecycle. For some reputation effects purpose, the habitual and some other non-market surrounds whitethorn be the reason for the organization to change their long term strategies and consider those social issues to prevent enceinte reputation CSP disclosures. According to the clause, they stated with confidence that the association between CSP and lagged CFP is not negative and it seems to affect for each one other through a virtuous cycle standardizedwise the financially successful companies spend more on social responsibility activities because their finance supports them. However, the meta- analytic thinking decline the idea that CSP is incompatible and unnecessary with shareholder wealth maximization. For the effectiveness organisation may extremity more combination of financial and social exploit.The article excessively mentioned that the notions of libertarians such as Friedma n that government regulation in the area of CSP may not be necessary. If the analysis shows the negative relationship between CSP and CFP, bottom line decision making may create barriers to outcomes desire by the public. Meta-analysis is a statistical technique for combining the findings from independent studies.By using meta-analysis, researchers can test and trace those areas which are being related by other studies and authorize them. Furthermore, for those unexplained inconsistence from across studies remains comparatively large and needed further requirement to identify moderators which can be shown in the analysis as well. In the managerial point of view, market environments will not punish the company if they are in highly corporate social performance.Therefore, the managers can practice social responsibility strategies. (Prasertsang Ussahawanitchakit, 2011) Corporate social responsibility strategy refers to managers awareness of public policy, social care, surrounding org anization responsibility for society and natural of the environment both internal and external organization. Internal is benefit of employees, safety and supporting education whereas external is responses to the need of customers such as research and development for the high quality of product and service by reducing waste, energy consumption and the pollution that might arise from the production processes. Top managers must use CSP like a reputation level and pay more attention on other partys perceptions about their organizations. Moreover, they need to know whether they are currently under study of any market analyst, public interest group or the media. A company which highly in CSP can get tautological return from receiving public endorsement from federal agencies.Overall AssessmentGenerally, by using quantitative research, this article is trying to show that the prevailing trend claim that we are lack of generalizable knowledge about CSP and CFP which is reinforced on unstab le base. The peculiar(prenominal) objectives of this meta-analysis include providing a statistical integration of the accumulated research on the relationship between CSP and CFP. As well as, assessing the relative predictive validity of instrumental stakeholder theory in the context of that relationship between CSP and CFP and examine several moderators, such as operationalization of CSP and CFP, and timing of CSP and CFP measurement as well. The meta-analysis was built on earlier researches by including market return measures in addition to accounting return, CSP measures other than social responsibility audits performed by Kinder, Lydenberg, Domini Co., Inc.Moreover, It responses to Waddock and Gravess call for research on the temporal consonance of results, independent of the time lag chosen between CSP and CFP. Furthermore, it integrates empirical results across diverse study contexts and enabling them to look for theoretical moderators and statistical artefacts that might explain the highly variable results across other previous(prenominal) studies. Author provides a methodologically stricter review than other studies in the past 30 years.The meta-analysis findings suggest that corporate virtue in the form of social responsibility such as public policy, social care, well-being of employees, etc Firmly the performance of the corporate is affected by their managerial strategies and activities in market and non-market environments. Some firms choose the solution for CSP by motivating and using ecological but still practice profit maximization and shareholder profit maximization. Additionally, this article introduces a meta-analysis review of primary quantitative studies of the relationship between CSP and CFP. The particular objectives of this meta-analysis include providing a statistical integration of the accumulated research on the relationship between CSP and CFPBibliographyFrooman, J., 1997. socially irresponsible and illegal behavior and sharehol der wealth A meta-analysis of event studies. Business Society, Volume 36, pp. 221-249. Prasertsang, S. Ussahawanitchakit, P., 2011. Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy, Marketing transaction and Marketing Sustainability An Empirical Investigation of ISO 14000 Businesses in Thailand. International journal of Business Strategy, Volume 11, pp. 60-72. Soana, M.-G., 2011. The Relationship Between Corporate Social Performance and Corporate Financial Performance in the Banking Sector. Online Available at http//web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=f80d931a-37b8-4dd8-a174-3d913ffdac87%40sessionmgr15vid=5hid=10 Accessed 3 July 2012.Waddock, S. A. . G. S. B., 1997. The corporate social performancefinancial performance link. Strategic Management Journal, Volume 18, p. 303319.

Hatha Yoga Essay Example for Free

Hatha Yoga EssayA expel Hatha Yoga seance should be reckoned at holistic haleness of mind, body and soul. It should contain a well designed chronological sequence of Asanas or yogic bonds, Pranayam or breathing exercises, relaxation techniques, and Dhyana or Meditation. The Yoga academic term should initiate with a prayer or chanting of Om, the primary sound of universe. This helps in relaxing and focusing the mind, and carry calmness to the senses. This should be followed by warming up exercises known as Yogic Suksma Vyayamas to improve flexibility of joints and muscles, so that we do not suffer from pulled muscles while performing Asanas. This should be followed by a sequence of Asanas, first off supine frames, past prone poses, followed by seated poses and finally standing poses. Asanas should be followed by relaxation poses such as Shavasana or Corpse pose. Pranayam or breathing exercises should be performed after Asanas.The session should end with Dhyana or Med itation to calm the mind. The first part of the session includes warming up with Suksma Vyayamas, the aim is to warm up the major joints of the body. First Vyayama involves movement of fare to right and left, followed by forward and inverse bending, each for 10 times. Next one involves move the arms in circular movements clockwise then anti-clockwise, 10 times each. This should be followed by raising each leg, one by one, forward and moving it in small circles, clockwise and anticlockwise, 5 times each. Asanas should be performed now in following sequence- first supine postures like Chakrasana or Wheel pose which is an inverted pose and then Halasana or water ouzel pose which is its counter pose, then prone postures like Dhanurasana or bow pose and Bhujangasana or Cobra pose involving covertward bending, followed by sitting postures like Balasana or Child pose which is a counter pose of Bhujangasana, Vakrasana or twisted pose and Poorna Paschimottasana which is a forward bendin g pose, and finally standing postures like Trikonasana or triangle pose involving side stretch, and Tadasana or Palm pose which involves stretch of the whole body. Asanas should be followed by Shavasana or Corpse pose for relaxation.After relaxation Pranayam like Bhramari Pranayam should be done, followed by Meditation. Thus my session includes- Yogic Suksma Vyayamas for warming up, and following Asanas Chakrasana or Wheel pose- Involves bending backward of torso like an arch. It strengthens the back and abdomen, affects all the organs of the body, and cleans the Chakras. Halasana or Plough pose- Involves raising the legs and then lowering them behind the head, toes touching the ground, forming a plough. It enhances the benefits of Chakrasana, being its counter pose. Also regulates the function of Thyroid and Thymus glands. Dhanurasana or Bow pose-Bending backward place both ankles with hands, and stretching the body like a bow. Improves digestion, strengthens the back, shoulders, arms, and legs.Bhujangasana or Cobra pose- Involves lying in prone jell and raising head and shoulders like a cobra. It strengthens back, shoulders, and neck and improves respiration. Balasana or Child pose- Involves sitting and bending forward, face up touching the floor. It is the counter asana of Cobra pose, enhancing its benefits. Vakrasana or twisted pose- One leg is bent at knee, and the other is straight, the waist is twisted to the opposite side of the bent leg. It improves flexibility of spine, waist and legs.Poorna Paschimottasana- It involves sitting with stretched legs and bending forward to insure the toes with hands, face resting on thighs. Greatly improves spinal flexibility. Trikonasana or triangle pose- Involve sideward bending and stretching making a triangle. Improves waistline, strengthens the arms, and improves balance of the body. Tadasana or Palm pose- Arms raised upward, pulling the body upwardly while standing on toes. It improves balance, reduces belly fat, and improves height and agility.Finally, doing Shavasana or Corpse pose, lying down with relaxed limbs and neck like a corpse for deep relaxation. Ive chosen Bhramari Pranayam, sitting with legs folded, deep inhalation followed by exhaling with a humming sound, while keeping the mouth closed, ears closed with thumbs and fingers placed on closed eyes, for complete relaxation of mind followed by deep breathing, with mind focused on breath in a state of Dhyana or Meditation.Yoga postures should be done slowly with smooth movements, jerky and harsh moves should be avoided. severally posture should be held for 15-20 seconds initially, gradually increasing the practice time to 5 minutes. Yoga means a chat of mind, body and divine. It improves flexibility and balance making us fitter, calmer and happy. It helps in maintaining hormonal balance. One should practice yoga for its multiple benefits.

Japanese Food †General Analysis and Comparison to American Food Essay Example for Free

Nipponese Food General Analysis and Comparison to the Statesn Food EssayIt is generally true that various countries have distinct cultures. The culture of a inelegant is shaped by unlike factors unique to that country, directly affecting it during its historical say. An example of such(prenominal) factors is geography. The geographical nature and location of a country dictates what re comes it may have a country surrounded by water tends to depend on the aquatic life for nutrition, while a country endowed with broad fields of fertile land tends to feed its citizens through harvested crops. As one can infer, the provender source of a country is in a direct congressship with its culture. This concept in turn supports the development of unique variants of intellectual nourishment, also defined as its local or traditional food. The United States of America and japan, in this sense, argon ii vastly different cultures with diverse food variants. The American continent, although of course surrounded by bodies of water, has a vast land atomic number 18a which it is know for. This prompted the development of the country to be generally unpolished and crop-based.Hence, corn and potatoes are considered as its staple food. lacquer, on the other hand, is comfortably less in equipment casualty of total land area on that setfore, the development of its agriculture is quite limited and crop variants held to a minimum. The consentient population instead foc utilise its attention on the sea as a limitless source of food. Such basic differences in food also result in additional variance to the expand regarding it. Suggested food intake, nutritional claims, health claims are expected to be different to a certain conclusion between the two. Health issues are expected to vary as well.Hence, the American food culture and the Nipponese food culture are expected to be distinctly different with consideration to these aforementioned points of comparison. m ethodological analysis In order to begin the analysis of the characteristics of the food from the unfamiliar Nipponese culture, a direct take of japanese food is required. Hence, the first major portion of the methodology requires that a restaurant serving veritable Japanese cuisine is to be located deep down the locality. After choosing one, also keeping in sense that the p strain range is well within the reach of the researchers budget, a sample Japanese dish is to be ordered or bought.If possible, the method as to how the dish is prepared should be decently find and noted. The characteristics of the dish should also be considered and inspected. Specific details in terms of taste and visual aspect are to be listed down. If possible, the constituents of the dish or its basic ingredients are also to be identified. After assessing such details regarding a sample dish of Japanese cuisine, a much technical and research orientated approach towards analysis is to be started. T he second important segment of the methodology pertains to the technical and research point part of the study.Specific details regarding the whole Japanese food culture are to be located. gain ground research into the Japanese food culture and its historical development is to be accomplished. Further insights regarding the differences with the American food culture and standards bequeath be provided by searching for the occurrence of a localized food profit as well as rules or guidelines for food labeling, health claims, and nutrient content claims. Also, health concerns regarding food in the Japanese culture will also be taken into account.The common health problems, its sources and effects, will be established. Resulting data from the two main sections of the research method gathered through such methods will be properly collated and completely analyzed afterwards. Results Upon locating a restaurant that offers authentic Japanese cuisine, a choice was made to order a highly popular and common Japanese specialty, the sushi. In this brass, an untrammeled amount of sushi was made available, each variant served in differently colored plates riding on nobble of a conveyor belt want mechanism.thither were so many variants of sushi, making the process of naming more troublesome. Fortunately in this case, each plate was properly labeled. The first variant of sushi sampled is called the nigiri sushi. In physical form, the nigiri sushi mainly consists of hand-shaped rice with a single kind of topping per serving. This variant is however not only if a single kind as there were notable difference in toppings between servings. There were four main types of nigiri sushi served one type had squid as topping, the second had shrimp, the third had raw(a) fish, and the 4th was egg.Upon immediate sampling, the shrimp, and squid were notably real lightly cooked, if cooked at all. The thin slices of fish served as toppings were apparently uncooked. Also, no addit ional flavor was added to enhance the flavor of these two toppings. The egg however, was noticeably scrambled and sweetened. The rice below the topping, aside from being shaped, had no detectable additional flavoring. The second variant of sushi sampled was considerably more complex in both structure and appearance. Called as the maki sushi, this variant evidently had more ingredients.There were two main types of maki sushi sampled, futo maki and hoso maki. In both, a thin dried seaweed preparation, known in Japan as the nori, covers the outer(prenominal) area of the flat circular shaped sushi. Another common ingredient noticed for this variant is cucumber, cut in small portions and apparently used fresh with no additional cooking procedures. Carrots were also noted to be present in both types, having been prepared in the analogous manner as the cucumbers. The termination notable convertibleity between the two is the use of caviar.The nature and source of the caviar was not det ermined the only detail noted regarding it was that it was commonly used as additional toppings or dispersed within the sushi. In terms of differences, the main distinguishing factor between the futo maki and the hoso maki is the inclusion of fish. Of the two, only hoso maki had slices of fresh raw fish, known to be commonly tuna, interspersed within the roll. As an additional note, the sushi variants were dipped in a mixture of Japanese soy sauce and a spicy paste known as wasabi, with the resulting ratio dependent on ones gustatory modalitys.After discussing the structure and constituent parts of the sampled dish in detail, findings regarding the taste are placed in focus. It is noticeable that the overall taste of the sushi alone is quite simple and plain, and at the same time pleasant and cool. It draws its appeal from the combined flavor of its parts. Such taste is expected since the parts used are neither seasoned nor flavored in any matter. However, upon the addition of the wasabi and soy sauce concoction, the sushi is given a stronger flavor, mainly a combination of salty and spicy taste.Upon completion of the sampling phase of the study, research was make to determine the historical context of Japanese food. Japan is one of the several island based countries throughout the earthly concern which is mainly surrounded by the sea, and along it also contains several bodies of water hence, even from the early points of Japanese history, food is commonly gathered from aquatic sources (Minnesota State University MSU, n. d. ). Since fish and other aquatic creatures such as shrimp, crabs, squid, octopus, and urchins, are commonly associated with the Japanese diet, people tend to think that the Japanese consume these exclusively.This however, is not the case in reality. The Japanese also consume various land grown products including well known ones like eggplants and carrots, along with rice which is considered as their staple food (MSU, n. d. ). Another subj ect of research conducted in the study is concerned with something more current government issued guidelines and policies regarding the food industry as well as the charge of a food pyramid. Specific points analyzed include food labeling, health claims, nutrient content claims, and of course, the food pyramid.Details regarding food labeling, health claims, and nutrient content claims were not very much analyzed in this case, but rather, the focus was placed upon whether such policies exist. In terms of food labeling, it has been noted that a similar system exists in Japan in comparison to other countries such as America. In fact, there has been a movement by the Japanese government to further increase the scope of the law, making it considerably more stringent in comparison to those of other countries (Gale Group Incorporated GGI, 2008).As for laws regarding health claims, Japan has a well-defined and extensive policy system, pointing out specific categories for health and nutrient claims and requirements for the application of companies for such claims to be approved for their product (National Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods NCEFF, 2004). Japan currently has a well-adapted food pyramid. Commonly encountered food items in Japan are included as examples some of these are rice, miso, honey, soy sauce, milk, soy milk, tofu, fish, clams, plums, and kelp (Southeastern Michigan Dietetic Association SEMDA, 1998).The final aspect looked upon in the research was regarding the general health problems accompanying the local cuisine. Given the fact that Japanese food preparations often utilize raw to lightly cooked seafood, parasitic organisms is a usual threat (Ransom, n. d. ). Examples of these parasitic organisms are worms which latch on to various areas of a person, usually the gastrointestinal tract, in order to provide themselves vital nutrients. Another problem arising from their taste sensation towards seafood is the possible occurrence of heavy metal s in the flesh of sea-based organisms due to global environmental problems (Ransom, n.d. ). Discussion The results point out evident differences and similarities between the American and the Japanese food cultures. First, regarding food preparation and taste, from what was observed with the sushi, Japanese food preparation is simpler in constituent and is also rather simpler in terms of preparation. The focus of the Japanese cooking is to maintain the natural form and flavor of the ingredients while blending well in combination.This is very much unlike the American way of cooking since the focus is usually to use a main ingredient and season or flavor it in a way that after being cooked for a certain amount of time, the food has acquired an enhanced taste. In relation to this, the Japanese cuisine has a preference towards the uncooked and seafood, while American cuisine focuses on cooking techniques and the use of beef, pork, and chicken. These differences mainly arise from the wide -ranging historical development of each country.In terms of the more technical side of food and its culture, specifically food labeling, health claims, and nutrient claims, due to the trend of globalization, it is quite understandable that in general, both Japan and America have law pertaining to food labeling, health claims, and nutrient claims. Differences on these are mainly observed when inspecting the specifics. Aside from this, both countries have food pyramids. The difference on this point pertains to the food examples written in the pyramid the main structure and recommendations remain the same.Lastly, health issues and risks differ for both countries to a certain degree. The Japanese mainly worry about issues regarding contaminants and parasites due to seafood consumption, while the Americans worry about problems such as stub disease and obesity due to the way food is prepared. Conclusion The historical and geographic differences of America and Japan have led to a distinct difference in terms of their local cuisine. Japan focused on seafood as one of the main food sources unlike America. The staple food is also different for both countries, being rice for Japan which is rather uncommon in the United States.Hence, in relation to this, food-related heath concerns also differ for both countries. However, far from what is expected in terms of Japan and America being completely different, current trends in relation to globalization and exports have shown that in the subject of food in general, America and Japan have several points in common. These points mentioned laws and policies pertaining to food labeling as well as health and nutritional claims. Therefore, although different at various points, Japan and America evidently has certain points of shut up similarities in the general subject of food contrary to what is commonly thought of.

A Horrid Memory Essay Example for Free

A Horrid Memory EssayMy sweaty palms ran through-out the thin strands of my bull as I tried to comfort myself for just a single moment. I matte up scared, almost terrified as the screams of my nightmare echoed in my ears and made my head throb. Almost n incessantly did I deem such vivid dreams, and when I did, I never remembered them the next day. Nevertheless, I dont think that Ill ever be able to make amends with my darkest memories and reliving situations that scarred my childhood and eventually my life, throw out never be forgotten. All I can do is go back and ask what this version of myself could curb d sensation to avoid or even confront the situations and events. Around me, there were four conduces, each one(a) with a primary colors blue, red, green and yellow, around the circular, light wooden table, and of course, I was in one of them. In front of me, was my mother, who had a slim and petite figure, dark brown hair, as well as matching brown eye and tanned skin s he was feeding the birthday girl, who was a 1 division toddler. Next to me was my six year old sister, and she had pale skin with orange colored freckles, almond influence eyes and chestnut hair.On the right side of the table, was my stepfather, who was visibly, a few drinks from drunk, and you could notice it by the twist coming out of his mouth and his blood shot eyes. He was also pale, freckles everywhere and bold eyes that made little statement thanks to his glasses. I was about thirteen years old, and I can still recall the smell of a hot and cheesy plate of macaroni, and each bite that I took of it was better than the one before. just now I was so focused in my delicious food, that I hadnt agnize the silence that crept over the entire table.Feeling like there was an absence of a healthy family conversation, I tried to create a conversation So.. What did you guys do today? I said, feeling my eyes were practiced of excitement and content, food eer had that effect on me. Four pairs of eyes were staring at me, and I began to drop my fork as I saw my stepfather placing a knife against his five-o-clock shadow. Everyone in the table stared at him, and I immediately started to feel uncomfortable. Is it true what Isabel told me? His voice was cold, dark and had a sense of hidden humor, it felt like a horror movie.Our eyes and so shifted towards Isabel, my little sister, and she looked like she had just fallen into a hole and had no idea how to get out of it. She told me that you guys didnt love me, you guys didnt want me. He spoke formerly again with the same tone, and at first, I thought he was joking, so I laughed but then I was rewarded with a deadly glare, which let me pick out that he wasnt joking. The air around the room got thin, and I could feel the walls trying to suffocate me. My mom, knowing he was drunk, had an annoyed expression planted on her face. No, we never said that, now finish up your plate.I think its time for you to go to bed. She usually had evenhandedly low tolerance with drunk pot, and her husband was no exception. I think that the only one that wasnt in tension, was my 1 year old sister, Dianelle because she couldnt understand dialogue, what we were saying. He shoved the plate from the edge of the table, and soon after, I comprehend it smash against the ground. After being well aware about what was going to happen next, I took Dianelle into my implements of war and let my mother handle the situation before I said anything that would make him angrier.Nelson, my stepfather, got up from his chair and went to the kitchen cabinets to get something and when he turned around, he had a jalapeno mixed with DonQ spice in his hand. You know what happens when you lie to me? You get jalapeno in your mouth. He must have been mentally sick, because he was genuinely laughing. As a result of the emitted screams, yells and pleading for him to stop, the police came and took him away, right after he took out the f umbler knife.In those three months that he wasnt around, it had probably been the most peaceful moments that my mother and my sisters spent together, we were even closer. The home base was calm, the flowers smelled better and I didnt feel in danger or threatened while he was gone. But he eventually came back, and my mom accepted him, with the excuse of a face that he always made, initiation his eyes widely and puckering his lips, trying to make a puppy dog face and he always got everyone to laugh. Ive learned that no matter how much you love someone, theyre never worth hurting the rest of the people around you, that love you.

Super Size Me Essay Essay Example for Free

Super Size Me Essay EssaySuperSize Me shows that the aliment industry is to blessed for the corpulency epidemic in America. Do you agree? Agree. Throughout the film, SuperSize Me shows that the food industry is to blame for the fleshiness epidemic in America. After watching the film, one would evidently come to terms with the fact that these industries atomic number 18 to blame. Spurlock presents information, outlining that these companies are only out to range your dollar, regardless of how they achieve their profits.As they gallop to grow, these fast food industries find new ways to mass produce their food, quickly and blinkingly. This in turn, sacrifices the quality of the food, as SuperSize Me emphasizes the cheap and health threatening ingredients they inject into their food though cartoons and other visual aids to help illustrate. publicizing in addition plays a major role in the companies scheme to inculcate their messages in your thinking, so you cloud their product the next m you pass their stores.The film also goes on to highlight that the convenience of these stores along with the addictive elements appended to them, will only have a short term effect on the consumer, stating if these trends continue for the average obese American, the average obese American may not be around for oftentimes longer. As one of the highlights of the film, SuperSize Me continually brings up the danger of fast foods has on our health. Spurlock shows the audience this each time he goes for his regular check up with his recruited army of doctors.Each time he attends, his heath separate declines from its point of origin when the only dependent variable changing his body, is the food he consumes. Until the end of his diet, his praise poor health is accentuated through the words of his health experts as a result of the food he had been consuming. From a point of view outlining film technique, Spurlock intimidates the audience with a disturbing 20 lbs. (9k g) jar skillful of fat placed on the table.This was a confronting move he played in order to calculate his audience thinking about the reality of the danger in fast food when it is placed in front of the individual. Even more so, Spurlock consumed 30lbs. of kail by the end of his diet. Mostly in the coke, the sugar also accounted for about 10% of the meal, that is, the buns, meat and fries. The poor quality of the food also adds to the problem, in one snipping of the film, Spurlock continues about the McFrankenstein elements of meat they compose to line upher to create foods not utilised by the home cook. In this case, chicken nuggets were the issue. SuperSize Me also informs the audience of the use of advertizing, and its psychological effects it can have on individuals. devalued food giants have learned that inculcating their messages into consumers minds will get them in their stores and purchasing their products more often. They have seen advertising as an investment rather a waste of money as they spend 1. billion dollars on direct media advertising worldwide in 2001 By repetitively bombarding individuals with their dirt or logo essentially brainwashes the way they make calculated decisions, next time meal time comes around. This is known as brand imprinting and the film focuses on how this infiltrates the minds of children in particular, stating each child will see at to the lowest degree 10,000 advertisements on fast food alone each year. Children chanting about the fast food brands at the start of the film is a great example of this the repetitive chant effectively inundates the mind with ceaseless thought of food.These brands arent just a food service they are a basis of ottoman as children conduct in playful games around these brands as if they are a part of their life. Spurlock conducted a small experiment on a handful of children to test this brand imprinting. He showed the kids multiple flash cards, each with an icon or image on it such as Wendys, Jesus, etcetera. Each time McDonalds came up, all(prenominal) child was able to identify it. Essentially, the bottom line of brand imprinting is to create a overbearing experience for the consumer at a young age.By doing so you create a safe harbor for the customer experience, and as they become adults free to make their own decisions they are then hooked on the products of the company produces, and continues to purchase them. As the generations progress, this can pose a new problem with obesity having an resound effect on the generations to come. The convenience of these stores also contains contri hardlying factors to the obesity epidemic. SuperSize Me shows fast food companies have make it too easy for consumers to get their hands on their products through the plethora of ways you can get your food.All too many times the audience is shown Spurlock receiving his food through the drive-thru or home delivery, but in about cases he will get it himself generally when M cDonalds is just down the stairs from the shift rise he is in. The availability of these restaurants is also quite remarkable, Spurlock states McDonalds operates over 30,000 restaurants in more than 100 countries on six continents not to mention most of them never close up shop. On the other hand, some people seem to think that exercising personal responsibility can be the answer to the obesity casualty.This may be possible however it is short-sighted thinking to overlook the facts about how these food giants have achieved to get to where they are now and continue to do. If we could exercise personal responsibility, then why didnt we do so when these companies were at their weakest? They are where they are now because they worked around our will power with subtle plans of attack. SuperSize Me has given clear evidence that these food industries are a problem, and has taken an unfortunate turn to result in the scathe of our general wellbeing.We can stop them by demanding change, rat her than suing them for our problems we can go to our government and demand guidelines by which these companies has to follow by to serve fresh, healthy food thats not loaded up with sugar and fat. By eating these foods, we are part of the problem, but we are also part of the solution. Wether chose to take live up to depicts the quality of life we bestow upon ourselves and future generations. I guess the big question is, who do you indispensability to see go first? You? Or them?

Federalists and Anti-Federalists Essay Example for Free

Federalists and Anti-Federalists EssayBetween the years of 1787 and 1788, a debate arose over the authorship in the state legislatures along with a debate raged in newspapers and pamphlets passim Americas thirteen colonies following the Constitutional Convention. There were two sides of this debate that felt towards the makeup in a total opposite way as each other. These two sides were the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. Federalists defended the constitution speckle Anti-Federalists opposed it. Most plurality that were a part of the Federalists were well educated and propertied class. Most of these pile lived in settled areas along the seaboard. They believed that the Articles of Confederation were weak and ineffective and that national govern handst needed to be strong in order to function. Foreign policy powers needed to be strengthened while excesses at home needed to be controlled. They believed that strong national government needed to control uncooperative state s and that those men of experience and talent should govern that nation. The national government should have all control, along with protecting the rights of the people.They treasured the constitution of state governments to protect individual freedoms without bill of rights. Federalists were in favor of establishing the constitution with almost every means possible and they were more sympathetic to separation of church and state. Anti-Federalists were mostly states rights advocates, backcountry farmers, poor farmers, the ill-educated and illiterate, debtors, and paper money advocates. In general, the Anti-Federalists were the poorer classes of society.They believed that the Articles of Confederation were a good plan for the nation, and they opposed strong central government, believing that it jeopardise the rights of the common people. To Anti-Federalists, the constitution was created by aristocratic elements and they suspected it was a plot to suppress liberty of the masses. Th ey too opposed a standing army and the constitution. They believed the constitution favored wealthy men and preserved their power, because the constitution opposed the drawing of annual elections for representatives.Without this method, only the rich picked the rich representatives, who, in turn, favored the rich people in their decisions. The constitution also lacked a bill of rights by being able to override the bills of rights created by state governments. They also argued against the 2/3 ratification plan, since the Articles of Confederation required unanimous consent. Anti-Federalists opposed omitting any reference to God and therefore, the law should go with the laws of God.

Impact of Religion on Contemporary Politics Essay Example for Free

usurpation of religion on Contemporary Politics EssayAmongst countless issues of the decade, an appealing dispute, that is persistent, is the epochal impact of theology on contemporary government activity and its perpetual distinction between the positively charged and negative exploits that is associated with the effect. Religion has consistently been a resilient drive of change, development and settlement. Religion has been the core of several systems of human affairs that co-exist immediately including economics, welf atomic number 18, law, philosophy, art and most importantly, politics.1 However, according to historian Farhang Mehr, a realistic appraisal of the current impact of faith on the turnedicial policy and governmental structure of each country can only be made in its historic context the record of the colonial rule in that country, indigenous conditions, heathenish background, and peoples real and perceived grievances. 2 Relevant examples consisting of the attitude of theology in the governmental affairs of Israel3, the influence of the roman Catholic Church in shaping the entirety of politics in Quebec4 and the emergence of Islam as a political force in many countries like Iran5, reveal that these events and many others through break through history are substantial catalysts in determining the intensity of the sacred impact on modern-day politics.6The impact of religion on politics can non be seen with only its fierceness and intensity anywhere else in the world only if in the sum East as it highlights the Arab-Jewish wars in the region that have been going on and off for almost the past 60 years.7 Religion is of utmost importance in the Holy Land (Israel) and hence, apparitional disputes are a commonality to the Israeli crowd which is a combination of phantasmal ( observing) and non-religious (secular) Jews.8 The arrangement creates an surround where either party has harsh demands and even though, neither group ends up win ning it eternally leads to licking on either side.9 The role of state-supported religion is ordinarily studied as the issue that is trusty for the problem in the relationship between religion and politics.10 Despite the fact that the major(ip) monotheistic religions videlicet Judaism, Christianity and Islam take pride in originating in the Holy Land of Israel, the population of Israel comprises of 80% Jews of which approximately fifth part consider themselves to be religious or in other words, wholly or partially observant of Jewish law.11The vast remainder of the Jews s coin bank pursue the path of their ancestors by practicing the traditions and sacraments of Judaism but persevere to put forward a Jewish state by standing on secular ground.12 All be it, whilst the nearly divided Jews were found surviving the disputes between the cardinal groups, the aspiration of a Jewish state guide to the encouragement that public policies of the nation should replicate its Jewish nature and be a stronghold for Jews all around the world.13 From religious texts and proven findings, it is well noticed that the land that is cal guide Israel, currently, is considered the Promised Land the land that they have unendingly been promised by God. Due to various historical incidents that included invasions, battles and conquests, the Jews were sp fill across different parts of the Middle East and some parts of Europe. The followers of the Zionist movement (support of establishment of independent, separate Jewish extract in Palestine)14 pressed for a Jewish State and after plenty of bruises and broken b 1s, Israel was recognized and organise in 1948.15The very purpose of the formation of a Jewish state al sensation shows that it has more to do with the religion than with simply a group of people wanting a country and in that locationfore, it is clearly transparent that religion has played a major role in the shaping of the politics of Israel. The only inbred conclusion is that decisions in modern-day politics in Israel usually comes down to two religious groups than two political groups overdue to diverse interpretations of the religious teachings and traditions, and the excessive popularity of secularism in most parts of the world. The fundamental religious values affect the complex of power and search for national goals that shape the contemporary Israeli political horizon.16Similarly, the dominant presence of the role of the Church in aligning communities to live in peace and harmoniousness and to be subject to law and order through the aspect of politics is extremely evident as is seen in the vitrine of the roman print Catholic church in Quebec, Canada. The province of Quebec is fashioned upon religious intentions and till date, these ideals uphold grand authority in organizational decision making of the governments law and regulations. Two major factors indicate the impact of the Church in the making of Quebec, of which includes primarily , the assistance offered by the government (comprised of passionate Roman Catholic, french officials) in the settlement of cut Roman Catholic immigrants that arrived in Canada post-1639.17 During this period, a member of the purplish council of Louis XIII of France, Cardinal Richlieu,18 vigorously promoted the emigration of Roman Catholics to Frances colony, juvenile France (Quebec) because he believed that Quebec, like France, was destined to be a purely homogeneous group of people the idea of one religion, one language, and hardcorety to one monarch.19Quebec is spectacularly distinctive in the North American continent as it stands as the only political unit that comprises of, simultaneously, a predominant cut and Roman Catholic combination of people.20 Unlike other French Catholic countries like France or Italy, the Catholic approach of Quebeckers is more intense in that that a French Canadians entire thought process, his/her value system, lifestyle and government, is massi vely influenced by the doctrines and social philosophy of Roman Catholicism.21 This religious standpoint in administration is a result of the occurrences in history that Quebec underwent during the times of the French pattern in North America.The early settlers in New France (Quebec) were dependant for lead upon two distinct politics the Governor and the Bishop of Quebec. When the British subdued the French, the French settlers in Quebec paid minimal regard to the legitimate slope civil authority as a colonial administration but instead, subjected themselves to the effective guidance and leaders of the Catholic church which was the only, other viable option available to them.22 The circumstance not only led to the Churchs impact on politics but highlights the Churchs responsibility in replicating its values and philosophy in not alone moral and religious affairs, but also, economic, social, educational, and largely political matters.23Secondly, the endorsement of measures by th e authority undisturbed of clergy of the Church of Quebec in regards to encouraging the natural increase in populace, particularly referred to as revenge of the provenience, highlights the influence of the Church in long-standing Quebec while working towards building a state that is able to maintain its identicalness and not be pacified by other dominant parties.24 With the British conquest of Quebec from the French, it was generally perceived that the British administration would eradicate the identity of the French-speaking, Roman Catholic community byimposing rules like authorization speaking of English at all levels of the state, by excessively populating the colony with English Protestants that are loyal to the British crown or through other fiercer means.In order to protect the identity of the French people of Quebec, the Churchs leaders initiated steps to increase the population. For instance, fathers (considered heads of families) were offered compensation that included a family appropriateance bonus if they had at least ten children while on the other hand, they would be fined if they did not arrange for their sons and daughters to be wed off at an early age. To persuade young men to get married, they were forbidden from the right to hunt, tip or trade with the indigenous people in the land or even go into the woods, as the experience was considered a form of pleasure.25These occurrences aid in vividly understanding the archetype of the revenge of the cradle which in its broadest sense refers to the state at which the birthrate of a minority group (French-speaking population, Quebec in Canada) is higher(prenominal) than that of the majority, principal group (English-speaking population, remainder of Canada) from fear of oppression or dominion.26 Even though the Churchs role had a major effect in the politics of Quebec, the influence of the Church gradually declined long after due to the developing ideas of secularism. However, that does not pro ve fatal to the case in that the foundation of the politics of Quebec will always have been founded upon the philosophies of the Church. As perfectly laid out by a scholar, Although the leading role of the clergy in political affairs was to be challenged by the slow growth of a new lay leadership after 1800, the Church has been able to retain its pre-eminent position in most of the other fields up to the present time.27Likewise, the impact of religion on politics is well portrayed as in the case of the Moslem drive in the development of Iran. Historian, Fahrang Mehr wrote about the connection between religion and politics in the shaping of Iran, In the last three decades, Islam has emerged as a political force in many countries, including Iran. It has been a driving power behind revolution, assassinations, seizure of holy places and terrorism.28 It is apparent that modern-day surroundings allow for the identification of drivers of change like Islam to allot power towards political and social agendas. Mehr further adds, Iran requires careful military rating of the extent to which post-revolutionary Moslem regime has infused religiosity in the Iranian polity. The study should also take into flier the credibility of clergies and the religious laymen who rule the country, bearing in mind that change is an organic process.29Rich historical data supports the fact that religion, liberalism, nationalism and monarchism were intertwined to Iranian politics which led to the shaping of the Islamic dominion in Iran.30 In 651 CE, the Arab invasion of Iran led to the elimination of nationalism due to the influence of Islamic principles but eventually (in around 1502 CE) studies recognized that nationalism and religion particularly Shiaism, again intermingled and safeguarded Irans independence from the invasion of the Ottoman empire (which demanded loyalty of all Muslims).31 Above all, the Iranian Revolution in 1978-79 proved to be an important hustler of law and governa nce in Iran including the states internal policy which in turn mainly affected educational systems and the kind of learning imparted to the students based on Islamic fundamentalism.32That being told, Islamic fundamentalism is often misjudged. The term is usually represented on a level of faith and while giving it meaning it could turn out to be profusely negative rather than positive.33 One analysis reveals that, In relation to Islam, it is important to recognize that the term fundamentalism (usiliyyah) is not self-descriptive but has been applied by others in their attempts to describe and understand contemporary Islamic history and politics.34 In correspondence to Iran, fundamentalism has a profound stance unlike in other Islamic nations.The Iranian government has steadily been involved in competition with Saudi Arabia (the epicenter of the Muslim world) to cheque up to par in procuring the attention of the Islamic world and gaining significance thus, offering home and contain t o the worlds Islamic fundamentalists which include leaders, activists, thinkers and others. This is done on the watch of the Iranian Foreign Ministry by hosting events, seminars, conferences and so on for increasing awareness.35 The Iranian government is motivated by Islamic principles and continues to be a mark of specialness in the Muslim sphere and thus, it is evident how effectively a religion can influence the politics of a nation.There exists several other countries that have undergone certain historical incidents generated by the influence of one or even more religions leading to transformations in contemporary political models and structures that are quite equal to the impact of the Zionist Movement (Jewish group) that led to the whole new formation of a nation Israel, the significant role of the Catholic Church in the polity of Quebec and also, the foundation of the Iranian polity on the concept of Islamic fundamentalism. As much as this research justifies the argument t hat the historical background of a religions doing has a part to play in figuring out the style of modern-day argument, it is also manifest that contemporary politics might not be entirely continuing in the path set by past occurrences.For instance, present-day Israel, has a law that is influenced by the Jewish traditions and customs which would include that all aura belongs to God for He protects His people as in the days of Moses but then comes a edit tending towards self consciousness where the people of the nation are exhorted by their leaders to prepare for their enemies by training in self defense and learning to protect ones self.36 Similarly, in Quebec, the public realize that there is a need for secularization and so, have advocated the limitation on the rights of the Church in the involvement in politics.However, there are some nations like Iran and Saudi Arabia that are unable to divulge from the law minded(p) to them and thus, maintain the relationship between religio n and politics quite effectively the results there of be positive or negative. The relevance of the impact of religions on politics is very significant in understanding wherefore countries, nations and their leaders interact with each other the way they do and how the pathway of politics can be predicted based on past occurrences thus, the issue of this research appeals to historians, politicians, religious leaders and educationalists all alike.Works CitedBlumberg, Arnold. The chronicle of Israel. Westport, CT Greenwood Press, 1998. http//www.questia.com/read/98623170.Knowles, Valerie. Strangers at our Gates. Toronto, ON Dundurn Press, 2007.Liebman, Charles S., and Asher Cohen. Synagogue and State Religion and Politics in upstart Israel. Harvard International Review 20, no. 2 (1998) 70. http//www.questia.com/read/1G1-30308720.Merriam-Webster, Zionism. Last modified 2012. Accessed November 15, 2012. http//www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/zionism.Milton-Edwards, Beverly. Islamic Fundamentalism since 1945. New York Routledge, 2004. http//www.questia.com/read/108858736.Quinn, Herbert F. The Union Nationale A Study in Quebec Nationalism. Toronto University of Toronto Press, 1963. http//www.questia.com/read/2983146.Rubenstein, Richard L., ed. Spirit Matters The Worldwide Impact of Religion on Contemporary Politics. New York Paragon House Publishers, 1987. http//www.questia.com/read/94614328.Sharkansky, Ira. Politics and Policymaking In Search of Simplicity. Boulder, CO Lynne Rienner, 2002. http//www.questia.com/read/105768998.Suyama, Nobuaki. Quebec Populate or Perish. New Zealand International Review 22, no. 3 (1997) 15+. http//www.questia.com/read/1G1-20059576.

Environmental Influences On Human Behavior Essay Example for Free

Environmental Influences On Human Behavior analyzeEating b some other is a condition wherein an individuals ingest behavior of alimentation or not eating is limitd by a psychological impulse, instead of a physiologicalal lead. Individuals with eating disorders slackly choose to ignore the signals their bodies send out that maintenance is needed for maintenance or that enough nutrient has already been consumed. One general feature commonly find in an individual with an eating disorder is abnormal canfult, which may be either above or down the stairs the normal weight.Normal weight has been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as having a consistency mass forefinger (BMI) of 18. 5 to 24. 9 kg/m2 (Deurenberg and Yap, 1999 Weisell, 2002). BMI is the ratio of an individuals weight in kilograms (kg) to his heights in meters squared (m2). An individual with a BMI of 25 to 29 kg/m2 is classified as overweight, those with BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2 ar e categorized as moderately corpulent, and people with BMI of 40 kg/m2 and above are identified as morbidly obese.Obesity was earlier considered as an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Today, corpulency is regarded as a disease that is strongly influenced by genetic, physiologic and behavioral components (Jequier and Tappy, 1999). The global estimate of overweight people is currently 1. 2 billion, of which at least ccc million are classified as obese. Obesity has been identified as a preventable health risk, but unfortunately, the mortality rate of this disease is still high, contributing to approximately 300,000 deaths each year in the United States alone.Since the cases of overweight and obesity are continually increasing without every preference to economic position of a country, health governing bodies have put in a significant effort to upgrade awareness of this disease and intervention programs that would teach the public of the risks of being overwe ight and/or obese. A major(ip) factor that influences much(prenominal) excessive weight gain is the poor lifestyle choices individuals make, in terms of their eating, recitation and physical activities.Binge eating is another eating disorder that is characterized by consuming huge totalitys of nutriment for thought in order to achieve the strong feeling of being full. This disorder is generally involved with eating bouts even when an individual is not hungry. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that is recognized in two forms- the restricting sheath and the binge-eating/purging types (APA, 1994). The restricting type of anorexia nervosa involves the absolute inhibition of food consumption and does not accompany any purging or binge-eating actions.The binge-eating type of anorexia nervosa is commonly characterized by cycles of binge-eating and purging. The classic symptom of anorexia nervosa is subjecting ones ego to a starvation condition, with the main goal of preventin g or avoiding gaining weight or sensing that any eke out is deposited in the body. The psychological angle with anorexia nervosa is that the individual perceives himself as overweight yet actually, their weight is already below normal. The extreme condition of anorexia nervosa usually involves death collectible to severe malnutrition.Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder that is characterized by cycles of binge eating, purging and the employment of laxatives to remove any food that has been consumed (APA, 1994). Bulimia nervosa may be distinguish from anorexia nervosa through the feature that the individuals afflicted with this eating disorder typically have normal or above-average weights. In addition, individuals with anorexia nervosa can strongly inhibit their food intake, darn individuals with bulimia nervosa find difficulty in avoiding food consumption.Bulimic individuals commonly carry a psychological feeling of guilt and shame of eating so much food, hence they try to appea se themselves of their eating faults through purging and chemical elimination of the food they ate through the use of laxatives. They consider such activities as remedies or cleansing rituals so that they can immediately purify themselves of the disgrace they made from eating huge amounts of food. To date, the exact cause of bulimia remains unknown, yet there are theories that this eating disorder is strongly associated to depression and anxiety, however, a precise cor proportional statistics of this cause still has to be investigated.Another theory involves the motivation of the bulimic individual to escape from objectiveity, by treating for as a comfort instead of a source of energy and nutrition for their bodies. Childhood experiences may also possibly play a role in the cause of bulimia, because young children are a lot given different types of food in order to pacify them or to reward them for particular activities. smart set may also play a role in bulimia, because the m edia strongly endorses that being thin is good, sightly and acceptable.It has been suggested that eating disorders may be physiologically influenced by serotonin and norepinephrine. It has also been suggested that anorexia is more frequently observed in females in the Western world (Suematsu, 1986). Several theories have been proposed to explain the mechanism behind hurt and eating in overweight and obese individuals. The internal-external theory of Schachter (1971) states that aridness is influenced by external signals such as time, as shown in their experiments involving manipulation of clock rates and counting the consumption of crackers by the subjects.The explore showed that faster ticking clocks that would reach meal times earlier would influence the subjects to eat earlier, while slower ticking close would influence subjects to eat later during the day. This theory strengthened the hypothesis that obese people tend to feel hungry based on the time of the day, and not bas ed of the real sensation of hunger. The sensation of hungry in normal individuals is generally induced by internal signals such as an increased appetite or need to eat.The landmark theory of hunger considers the cognitive influence of hunger and satiety, wherein an individual determines the amount of food he should take in, as their limit or limitation (Hermand and Polivy, 1984). During diet regimes, the amount of food an individual eats is a little less than the set amount or boundary and in turn, the body physiologically adapts to the available sources of energy. In overweight and obese individuals, the boundary of food intake is significantly higher than an individual of normal weight.A third theory explaining the relation between excessive weight gain and eating is the set point theory, which is essentially based on the control of the hypothalamus on the bodys predetermined weight. Such set point of weight impart be biologicly maintained through the natural way, regardless o f efforts to loss weight through diets and other weight loss regimens. A decreased intake of calories lead not perturb the hypothalamus in its self-regulation of body weight. These theories are comparatively similar in terms of their goal of attempting to discern the mechanisms of obesity.The theories all emphasized that obesity is not influenced by a single factor, such as plain and simple overeating. These theories actually describe external influences of factors that result in overeating. In the external-internal theory identifies the time of the day as the major factor that triggers hunger. For the boundary theory, the individual himself, most probably with the cerebellum as the major organ, determines the amount of food he will eat. As for the set point theory, the hypothalamus controls the individuals body weight.It is interesting to note that what the society has comprehend as overweight is not really caused by a simple excessive hunger that stems from the need of the stom ach to carry more food, but actually a more complex network involving the digestive system, the central nervous system and the immediate environment. Treatment for eating disorder often involves physical and psychological approaches. Psychotherapy serves as the main treatment for eating disorders, which often involves sessions with a therapist to discuss issues such as anxiety, depression, low self-esteem and body image concerns.The therapist generally emphasizes the relationship of ones thoughts and eating activities, as well as teaching the patient that food is a source of nourishment and not a source of comfort or escape. Antidepressants may be prescribed to an individual with an eating disorder, to regulate the emotions of the depressed individual. The physician will also need to regularly check the physical vital signs of the patient, in order to monitor whether the patient is gaining weight and to determine whether any other complications may be present in the individual.Diet icians will design a well-balanced diet for an individual with an eating disorder, as well as educate the person of the nutritional value of every type of food that is consumed. The theories of hunger and eating disorders are based on the concept of primary motivation, which is mainly an interplay between psychology and the biological need to provide energy to the proper functioning of the human body. It is more complicated than the straightforward provide mechanisms in other organisms because eating in the other species is singly influenced by the need to provide food for the normal physiology of the body.In human beings that have a more complex brain system due to evolution, we have acquired the additional capability to feed our themes, and even our souls, so to speak figuratively. It is important to individuals to understand that the mind is a powerful organ that can influence the actions and activities of the rest of the body but it is also more important to know that such cho ices of eating the proper(a) amount of food, as well as the right type of food, is a conscious and voluntary choice, and the consequences should be seriously considered.

The Criminal Justice System Essay Example for Free

The reprehensible Justice System screenAmerica imprisons 756 inmates per 100,000 residents, a rate nearly five times the worlds aver get along. About cardinal in both 31 adults in this country is in jail or on supervised release. Either we argon the most(prenominal) evil people on earth or we ar doing aboutthing very wrong. (Webb, 2009, p. 4) This paper altogetherow compute at basic immoral law, the reasons for lives of abuse, a brief outline of the modern vicious jurist system, and its future.Criminal LawCriminal law seeks to protect the public from harm by inflicting punishment upon those who have already through with(p) harm and by threatening with punishment those who argon tempted to do harm. Most people accept that on that point atomic number 18 consequences for sad conduct. The consequences atomic number 18 generally unpleasant and take away from the law circuit ravisher either his liberty or his property. unmatched purpose of flagitious law is to re spond to mischievous acts commit by undivideds. However, each type of law leaves different responses. A person who acts in a way that is considered malign to society in general whitethorn be p rosaceouscuted by the government in a twist case. If the individual is convicted (found guilty) of the sad offence, he or she will be punished under sorry law by a fine, imprisonment, or death.Once someone is found guilty of a discourtesy, either a felony or a misdemeanor, punishment is imposed. The reasons for punishing law breakers are varied, and in some instances the reason may vary with the crime. Each reason has its own purpose, with the principal reasons being Deterrence, Incapacitation, Retribution, and Rehabilitation. (Davenport, 2009)DeterrenceImposing a penalty for a criminal act is also in head for the hillsed to deter that person from repeating the act. If the penalty is significant enough, the law breaker will think twice forrader doing it again.Also, when the penalt ies are well known and there is public spread of penalties for a particular crime, it is expected that a nonher(prenominal)s who might contemp be recentdly the crime would be deterred from engaging in the prohibited activity. (Clarkson, 2005, p. 38) When there is a trial, sentencing, and punishment imposed, there is often a lot of publicity. This publicity is part of the cheque factor in imposing a criminal penalty. Deterrence is frequently anargument used to delay the death penalty.IncapacitationJail or prison terms generally lengthen with the seriousness of the crime. The longer meters aid as both r in timege and deterrence, and also can serve another purpose. The longer a person is in custody, the less opportunity that person has to commit new crimes. This is particularly true of repeat offenders, which is wherefore there has been a movement toward laws known as three strikes which impose long prison terms or even life-time sentences on individuals with multiple convic tions.When an offender has not been deterred by prior penalties, protection of electromotive force victims from that offender get goings an important consideration. Long jail or prison terms for individuals with multiple DUIs are bonnie common as a protection for society. At some point it is in societys best sideline to protect itself by certifying that a dangerous person is unable to harm others and incapacitation through custody serves that interest. (Farrington, 2003)RetributionA crime is considered an act that not only injures the particular victim, but also harms society at large. (Davenport, 2009, p. 12) A persons harmful acts may outr while the society as a whole. This gives rise to a desire for revenge, and punishing the criminal die hards to satisfy that need.Additionally, having a person punished by society provides some measure of revenge for the specific victim of the act. If society provides an adequate punishment, the need for an individual to seek revenge person ally is diminished and provides inducing to seek retribution through law enforcement. (Davenport, 2009)RehabilitationThere is also a value that every human life has meaning and worth, that there is a spark of good in everyone, even those who have chosen to break the laws of society. With that thought in mind, places that were previously known as jail or prison have become Departments of Correction.Some rehabilitation may come from within a person who is incarcerated. Criminals who are imprisoned may evaluate their actions and reshape their style so that when their liberty is restored they are able to read middling tothe boundaries of the law. Often programs are offered to offenders to assist in dealing with certain problems. Participation in programs such(prenominal) as drug and alcoholic drink counseling or domestic violence education serves to potentially rehabilitate an individual. Involvement in such programs is often a condition of either continued freedom or reduction of j ail time. (Davenport, 2009, p. 41)Justification for criminal punishment is not mutually exclusive. A particular punishment may advance several goals at the same time. A term of imprisonment, for example, may serve to incapacitate the offender, deter others in society from committing alike(p) acts, and, at the same time, provide an opportunity for rehabilitative intercession of the offender.On the other hand, the goals of punishment may at times conflict. Retribution and deterrence call for the infliction of unpleasant experiences upon the criminal, including harsh prison treatment but the prison environment may not be conducive to, or may even defeat, rehabilitation. Some offenders may even learn to become better criminals while incarcerated.Criminal CareersWhy do criminals lease careers in crime? To understand the life of a career criminal we must first look at some Historical Backgrounds and Criminal Career Patterns.Historical BackgroundsThere are mevery theories as to why crim inal activity occurs. The classical school theory has five basic concepts. One everyone has free will. This gist that a person chooses to do right or wrong. It also posits that the two main determinates of human sort are pleasure and pain. This theory also states that crime is immoral because of the bond that the act puts between the individual and their society. Also, that punishment is a necessary evil that can keep violators from repeating the crimes and sets examples for others.Finally they believe crime prevention helps to offset the gains of criminal style. (Davenport, 2009)Criminal Career PatternsThere appear to be ten widely accepted conclusions round the development of offending (Farrington, 2003)1 The age of onset of offending is most typically between ages 8 and 14, earlier with self-report data and later with official records, while the age of desistance from offending istypically between 20 and 29 (though a small subset of offenders continue well into adulthood).2 The prevalence of offending peaks in the late teenage years between ages 15 and 19.3 An early age of onset predicts a relatively long criminal career duration and the commission of relatively more offenses.4 There is tag continuity in offending and antisocial behavior from childhood to the teenage years and adulthood. In other words, there is relative stability of the ordering of people on some measure of antisocial behavior over time, and people who commit relatively many offenses during one age range have a high probability of also committing relatively many offenses during a later age range.5 A small fraction of the population (chronic offenders) commit a large fraction of all crimes chronic offenders tend to have an early onset, a high individual offending frequency, and a long criminal career.6 Offending is more versatile than specialized violent offenders in particular appear to offend frequently in other kinds of offenses.7 The types of acts defined as offenses are elements of a larger syndrome of antisocial behavior that includes heavy drinking, reckless driving, promiscuous sex, and so forth.8 It appears that, as people ship adulthood, they change from free radical to lone offending. In fact, most offenses up to the late teenage years are committed with others, whereas most offenses from age 20 onward are committed alone.9 The reasons given for offending up to the late teenage years are quite variable, including excitement/enjoyment, boredom, and/or emotional or utilitarian reasons. From age 20 onward, utilitarian motives become increasingly dominant.10 Different types of offenses tend to be first committed at distinctively different ages. This sort of progression is such that shoplifting tends to be committed before burglary, burglary before robbery, and so forth. In general, diversification increases up to age 20 but after age 20, diversification decreases and specialization increases.Analysis of criminal careers has great value. Understanding w hy or how offenders get complex in a life of crime can lead to policies and procedures that can prevent criminal careers from developing. I have asked offenders in the prison I work in why they did their crime. Most answered that they needed money, some were gang related, and others done out of fits of rage. Most of them thought they would not get caught while some others just did not care or showed no remorse those are the scary ones.The Criminal Justice SystemThe criminal justice system has three component subsystems, they are Police, Courts, and Corrections (Schmalleger, 2007).PoliceThe first step in the criminal justice system is the police officers or federal agents. When a crime is committed the police analyse the crime scene and if the suspect is still present they arrest the person. The police officer must eer read the suspect his/her rights before questioning. During the questioning the suspect has the right to refuse to answer any questions at anytime during the questi oning and ask for a lawyer. If the suspect is not at the scene of a crime, after an probe the police will make a report and a mark or magistrate will output a warrant for the suspects arrest. After an arrest the suspect is booked. This is a process where he/she has a catch taken, finger printed, and personal information is recorded (Schmalleger, 2007).CourtsThe prosecutors office becomes involved after an arrest. The information that is collected at the scene of the crime is turn over to the prosecutions office so they can determine if enough severalize exists for a conviction. It is not a good idea for a prosecutor to be involved in the beginning of an investigation because the vindication counsel does not have theopportunity till after they are either hired by the suspect or appointed one to them.The defense attorney is not involved in a criminal case until he/she is appointed or hired by the defendant. They cannot be involved prior to an indictment or arrest. At a prelimin ary auditory sense the defense attorney will encounter the evidence presented and then determine if the evidence presented by the prosecution is conceptive enough for a plea bargain or a trial (Schmalleger, 2007).A seek or magistrates function begins with issuing a warrant if one is needed. A warrant is needed only if the criminal has not already been arrested. After a criminal defendant has been arrested, he/she is brought before a judge for a first appearance. This is when the judge will inform the defendant of the charges brought against him/her, read the defendant his/her rights again, and sometimes provide the defendant the opportunity to make bail. The next step for the criminal defendant is the preliminary hearing. During the preliminary hearing a judge will determine if there is probable cause to believe that a crime has been committed and if there is enough evidence to show the defendant committed the crime. This is when the prosecution presents the evidence to the judg e and the defendant has the right to hire an attorney or if he/she cannot afford one the court will appoint the defendant a defense attorney (Schmalleger, 2007).The first appearance for a criminal defendant before the court that has the authority to conduct a trial, is called an arraignment (Schmalleger, 2007, p. 18). In this process the judge will hear the information (charges) and read it to the defendant, and again his/her rights are read to him/her by the judge. This is when the criminal defendant will enter a plea of either not guilty, guilty, or no contest (Schmalleger, 2007).CorrectionsOffenders are then turned over to the correctional authorities, from the court system after the accused has been found guilty. Depending on the sentence, offenders will serve their time either in a jail or a prison. Jail is where you are held until you are sentenced. Jails are maintained bymunicipalities or counties, and are generally used for incarceration sentences of less than one year. In m ost states, jail is for pre-trial detention for those who cannot raise bail (if bail is operational), and also for post-conviction detention of those convicted on misdemeanor charges, which are defined as those convictions carrying a sentence of a year or less. Jails are generally run by counties, and every countys system will be different.Prisons are maintained by states or the federal government, and are used for sentences longer than one year. Prison is for post-conviction only, and is exclusively for felony convictions, that is, those charges with a sentence of a year or more. Prisons are operated by a states department of corrections (or equivalent agency), and tend to be more standardized manning them are corrections officers from a statewide pool.The FutureLocal, state, and federal spending on corrections adds up to about $68 billion a year. Our overcrowded, ill managed prison systems are places of violence, animal(prenominal) abuse, and hate, making them breeding grounds t hat perpetuate and magnify the same types of behavior that they are intended to prevent. (Webb, 2009) One way that we can reverse this trend is through privatization. Corporations can bring more effective anxiety and turn a tax drain into a profitable business. This can be done by employing the inmates as labor and giving them job skills at the same time.Another way we can slim down costs and prison overcrowding is by legalization and decriminalization of certain drugs. Drug offenders, most of them passive users or minor dealers, are swamping our prisons. According to data supplied to Congress Joint Economic Committee, those imprisoned for drug offenses rose from 10% of the inmate population to approximately 33% between 1984 and 2002.Experts estimate that this increase accounts for about fractional of the dramatic escalation in the total number imprisoned over that period. Justice statistics also show that 47.5% of all the drug arrests in our country in 2007 were for marijuana of fenses. Additionally, nearly 60% of the people in state prisons serving time for a drug offense had no history of violence or of any significant selling activity. We need to save prisons and jails forthe more violent offenders. It is time to change the law.As a Correctional Officer, I have witnessed firsthand the results of the modern legal system. While there is clearly a lot of progress to be made there is also many educational and vocational programs available to offenders. The largest obstacle to their reform, however, is that the offender has to want to change. He must develop a conscious and be conscious of the harm he has inflicted upon others. More importantly, he must have a desire to live productively, peacefully, and within the laws of society.ReferencesClarkson, C. (2005). Understanding Criminal Law. London Sweet Maxwell Ltd.Conklin, J. (2009). Criminology. Upper Saddle River prentice Hall.Davenport, A. (2009). Basic Criminal Law The Constitution, Procedure, and Crime s. Upper Saddle River Pearson Press.Farrington, D. (2003). Evidence-based Crime Prevention. New York Routledge PressSchmalleger, F. (2007). Criminal Justice Today. Upper Saddle River Prentice Hall Publishing.Webb, J. (2009, March 29). Whats Wrong With Our Prisons? Parade, 4-5.