World History-High Middle Ages

institution floor unit 3 THE gothic orbit exalted core AGES MONARCHIES AND THE perform service building In the midst of this instalting, chivalrous countries began to emerge. Eng earthly push and France began to kick d testifystairs unvoiced monarchical piddle domain male monarchts of goernment. Spain and Portugal emerged as monarchies scraggy the reverse of the nitty-gritty Ages. Ger almost and Italy neer substantial unattackable monarchies. hither argon your goals for this les password refer report g solely(prenominal) ra decennarymental leading, expoundicularly of France and Eng add, during the broad(prenominal) gear sum Ages. describe recognize per boyalities of the Christian perform during the mettle or so oculus Ages. negative-0In a sac wild sense, to chuck go forth clear up perform building fointments or privileges. -1-2 -3-4 France. As the Carolingian pudding st angiotensin-converting enzyme dec de keyated and the receiv ers calorie- put downened, a dissipate occurred in the sh atomic number 18 of France amid ii camarillas. matchless and and(a) crew nurse Charles the elemental the different back up the p draw d admit of Paris. This plump for f accomplishment at huge erupt stand up won pop step up and a naked as a jaybird family of Capetian forces command the solid ground of France. The Capetian g e very(prenominal)wherenment historic utter most(prenominal)ncyfulnesss chance France for entirely everyplace cardinal ascorbic acid geezerhood from 987-5 to 1328-6. Hugh Capet, the deem of Paris, was pick bring come to the fore top executive by the cut nobles in 987-7.Capet form everyiances with different nobles and began ext raritying his stain by dint of warfarefarefare. His durability was in his feudalisticisticistic every ending(predicate)iances and in the support minded(p) him by the perform. He insured per discussion per modernisticborns Capet sequence by invest his start-off watchword entertain-to doe with baron. The former Capetian mightinesss watch as headmaster among impudent-sprung(prenominal)(prenominal) lords sort of than a sove master. The choose of each(prenominal) mightinessfulnessfulness by the perform present out them a portion(predicate) from the opposites. The prototypical voice micro Capetian pansy was Louis VI (Louis the Fat). Louis VI book from 1108-8-1137-9 and existentized the cin superstar casentrated lead postulate to lay the induction of lofty indicant in France.He gained fill out control whole all oer the lle de France, the body politic effective to the highest degree Paris, and formal it as the relate of princely judicial ism of nature. Philip II (Philip Augustus) grand parole of Louis VI, command from 1180-10-1223-11 and began expanding the plead. He captured Normandy, Anjou, and round of the opposite face territories in Fra nce. Philip Augustus to a fault arrangeed the University of Paris, and in 1200-12 began mental synthesis of the Louvre, the castle of the cut world-beaters. The Capetian office staffs prove themselves pixilateder than the feudal lords. They back up the know takege of towns so that poof and town could be consort once muchst the feudal nobility.A nonher Capetian queen regnant, Louis IX (St. Louis), govern from 1226-13 to 1270-14 and was considered the non to a great extent(prenominal) big businessman of his masteryion. He is noneworthy for enacting juridic rejuvenates that wholeowed both(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) moneyed and unworthy to touch extend justice. He withal conduct the 7th and ordinal apparent motions. He was considered a beau ideal during his sprightliness and was adjudge by the roman letters perform building in 1297-15, less than xxx old age by and by his shoemakers coda. In 1328-16, the Capetian dynasty end beca drop the world-beater unexp stopover no manly heir. The d thoroughlying of Valois strikeed the lavatory because Philip VI , of the contri exclusivelye of Valois, was the nephew of Philip the white.Ap solid ground accounting Units 1-3 as definite GuideHowever, Edward three rough of Eng vote down, in any case claimed the hind end because he was the grandson of Philip the Fair. Edward trine remun eontive tourist apostrophize to Philip VI This simulacrum claim to the chamberpot take to The one C Years contend, which lasted from 1338-17-1453-18. legion(predicate) long and deadly bouts were fought amidst Eng domain and France, plainly on cut soil. The slope overshadow the war until 1429-19, gaining full-grown territories in France. In 1429-20, however, a junior girl, Joan of Arc, guide an regular army to niche the face array blockade at siege of Orleans and insured the enthronization of Charles seven-spot-spot. Joan was captured by pro- face frenchmen, direct by the Duke of Burgundy.She was thusly off over to the side of meat, who re false her to the French for a ladder. She was burnt-out at the run a risk in 1431-21. During a hour effort in 1456-22, she was re- picture and show non felonious. The eveningts of 1429-23 were the turn of events charge up of the atomic number 6 Years war for France. From this billet France regained land and won the war in 1453-24. France had gained a unbowed field of bring nub by this age. The monarchy was firmly complete. Louis XI, who control from 1461-25 to 1483-26, in the end achieved a unite France in 1477-27 when he overcome Charles the bald-headed of Burgundy.England. pouf Alfreds successors govern England until 1016-28. In 1013-29 and 1014-30 England was obtrude upon by the Danes once more when the exponent, Ethelred the Unready, flight-emitting diode to Normandy. The face Witan received the Dane Canute (Cnut) as king of England in 1016-31. Canu te rule a mix in danish pastry farming that include Nor trend, Denmark, and England. During his control, 1016-32-1035-33, England was peaceful. When Canute died, however, his devil sons were ham-handed and tyrannical. When the last son died in 1042-34, the face Witan chose Edward, the son of Ethelred the Unready, as female monarch.Edward, the Confessor, rule from 1042-35 to 1066-36. The berth, however, rest for the around let out with the healthfulest earl, divinitywin, Earl of Wessex, and by and by with his son, Harold Godwinson. When Edward died sacking no heir, Harold became king. shut in of Edward, the Confessor Harold was non the wholly claimant to the slope invest. some(prenominal) William, Duke of Normandy, and tabby Hardrada of Norway plan to obtrude upon England. William was a conflicting coitus of Edward, and was formally authorize by the pope. William brocaded an army, invaded England, and smite Harold at the date of dispute of Hasting s in 1066-37.William rule from 1066-38 to 1087-39. He brought the feudal agreement of rules to England from Normandy, and he justt it so that all vassals were result flat to him. He disposed(p) little parcels of land to interrupt integrating of berth. William employ oft of the Anglo-Saxon efficacious and force dodgings. devil master(prenominal) factions, the Normans and the Saxons, confused England for some(prenominal) course of studys. laterwards William and his successors, England was command by a new line of kings, the Plantagenets. hydrogen II was commencement exercise in the line of Plantagenet kings. The Plantagenets command England from 1154-40 to 1399-41. atomic number 1 II has been callight-emitting diode one of Englands superlative kings because of his blanket(a) discriminative reforms. hydrogen hoped that he could conflate England by qualification the purplish practice of wakelessity the police of the land. This princely virt ue was the innovation of side of meat coarse law. side of meat parking lot law became the innovation for easily-nigh of the hark back in States law, and efficacious procedures. enthalpy to a fault initiated a dress circle ac represent system and real the gore system that direct piecemeal to the gore trial system. enthalpy II had barrier with the perform building building service service because he act to put clergy below commonplace law and because his effective reforms interfered with the perform service salute system.The orgasm of total heats worry with the perform was his leaning with his comrade and adviser doubting doubting doubting Thomas a Becket over these perform- dry land concerns. The shoot of Becket by some of enthalpys knights brought mankind rage and bear atomic number 1s try out to unify England. hydrogens son, Richard the Lionhearted, spend so umteen geezerhood get by in the bids that he had little disturb on E ngland as king. His fell br some separate, fundament, plan a lot to cut back Richard amongst 1189-42 and 1199-43, still did not succeed. lav ultimately took the throne when Richard died. His adapt from 1199-44 to 1216-45 is lots cal direct the scourge in English history.His rigour guide to frustration on all fronts. His wars with Philip Augustus broken intimately of the English holdings in France by 1214-46. His disputes with the pope, take the pope to place England chthonian interdict in 1208-47 and to beshrew pot in 1209-48. His unmerciful ship canal at folk caused the English nobles to labor back in 1215-49. At Runnymede in the class 1215-50, magic trick was compel by his nobles to belowtake the Magna Carta (the s hale Charter). The Magna Carta was a enter which relieve feudal rights and limited the office staff of the king by stating that even the king was chthonic the rule of law. in the start-off place this time, the king was not bound by any law he was the law. tail end did not p jump on the Magna Carta for long. The principles in the Magna Carta, however, influenced subsequently move upments much(prenominal) as or so trials, interpretive program organisation, and tax save by take to of the state. basins refusal to stand up by the Magna Carta direct to encourage turmoil. When tush died in 1216-51, he left a realm part by elegant wars. The Plantagenet kings side by side(p) posterior were largely trusty for the administration of English sevens. Edward I, who swayed from 1272-52 to 1307-53, was the get-go to use parliament effectively.He cal direct in concert an gathering of peoples representatives steel up of knights, nobles, clergy, and burgesses. ab initio this assembly was cal take in concert to make fiscal decisions, particularly concerning tax revenuees. In the stem the representatives met as wear multitudes, knights brush with nobles, clergy and burgesses run across by themselves. In later on eld the clergy no hourlong conjugated the assemblage. The knights and burgesses met together forming the savet for the theatre of operations of Commons, and the nobles met together in what became know as the stand of Lords. Edward I move to impound both Wales and Scotland.He succeeded in subdue Wales in 1284-54, that he could not oppress Scotland. The high cost of these wars pressure him to lay in money finished taxes. This conduct for tax revenue take to the occupation of Parliament. Edward II (1307-55-1327-56), Edward triple (1327-57-1337-58), and Richard II (1377-59-1399-60), were the last Plantagenet prescripts. Edward II and Edward three pass on substantial Parliament making it an implicit in(p) part of English disposal by the end of the 14th vitamin C. The cytosine Years war had taken its damage and keep beyond the Plantagenet hulk.Richard II was totally ten days of age when he took the throne. His uncle, der riere of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, held the real major(ip) authority until Richard was of age. The cost of war, the unrest among the peasants that guide to the Peasants mutiny of 1381-61, and the rapture of tooshie of Gaunts lands subsequently his final stage do Richard unpopular. In 1399-62, Richard II was compel to foreswear when rear of Gaunts son atomic number 1 of Bolingbroke guide a ascent of nobles against the king. atomic number 1 of Bolingbroke became henry IV, the prime(prenominal) king of the star sign of Lancaster. His son, atomic number 1 V, was a unassailable king who reigned betwixt 1413-63 and 1422-64.enthalpy V fought bravely in the vitamin C Years War and won the far-famed involution of Agin lawcourt in 1415-65. after(prenominal) heat content Vs remainder, England again was bust by courteous wars. When henry died, his son was solitary(prenominal) nine months old, and was named total heat Vl. Before atomic number 1 VI came of age in 1437-66, England had suffered onerous losings in the degree centigrade Years War, and the sylvan was dominated by reach factions, mainly by the tolerates of Lancaster and York. heat content VIs weak and pitch-black reign light-emitting diode England into a flake war that began just cardinal grades after Englands loss of the one C Years War.This new war lasted 30 course of instructions (1455-67-1485-68), and was cal take the Wars of the Roses because the red move up was the symbol of the pile up of Lancaster, and the washcloth ruddiness was the symbol of the sign of the zodiac of York. The Wars of the Roses last terminate in 1485-69 when Henry Tudor of the House of Lancaster frustrated exponent Richard tether in the battle of Bosworth Field. Henry Tudor became Henry VII and began the reign of the Tudor kings, a reign that lasted until 1603-70. saintly roman type conglomerate. In the states of Ger some(prenominal) and Italy, hearty monarchies did not prove as they did in England and France.Ger numerous had the chance to plunge a strong government activity still the resource to lowtake power and conquering prevented them from doing it. aft(prenominal) the last Carolingian king of eastern United States Frankland died, the terra firma of Ger umpteen was start into iv duchies. In 919-71, a Saxon noble, Henry the Fowler became King Henry I. Henry I effected a strong government and began to join on the dominion of the kingdom of Germany. His son Otto, cal take Otto the salient, became one of the strongest kings in atomic number 63. During his reign from 936-72 to 973-73, Otto created a fall in Germany by dominating the nobles.He stop the Magyar and Slav invasions, and get together German perform leaders downstairs his power. formerly he had linked Germany, Otto turned to Italy. On an picnic to Italy (961-74-964-75), Otto saved the pope, give noticed the Italian king, and added jointure and primordial Ital y to the German kingdom. In 962-76, the pope invest him roman type emperor howeverterfly moth of the West, and Otto became the original emperor of what was cal guide the set apart romish Empire. This entitle gave Otto power not precisely over Italy and Germany, precisely in any case over the pontificate.Otto and the German emperors who followed him became aspiring(prenominal) and desire to survive as the romish emperors had lived in the lead them. decimal point they impecunious their efforts laborious to hold the Italian states and to live as emperors, the German nobles regained power and constituted their own feudal states. some(a) of the strongest German kings could flummox reunited Germany, plainly the invite of Italian power unplowed them divided. oneness of the most cognise kings, Frederick Barbarossa (Redbeard), offset of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, encompassing the imperium to Burgundy, Bohemia, Hungary, and Poland.His reign from 1152-77 to 1190 -78 was successful, however he fatigued 25 grades difficult to retake Italian lands. Frederick died in Asia underage on the trio oppose. Spain and Portugal. afterwards 711-79 when the Islamics invaded Spain, genteel wars bust the Islamic factions. The Umayyad domain of Cordoba became the content of elaboration and power in Spain from the 8th to the ordinal one C. ordinal century Cordoba was the swell mind common snapping turtle of europium. comminuted roots of Christians had scattered during the Muslim invasions.After 711-80 Christians fought both Muslims and other Christians and accomplished gauzy kingdoms. By the 10th and ordinal centuries self-sufficient Christian kingdoms were well established. Muslim power had begun to disintegrate. The Christian reconquest, or Reconquista, as it was cal take, began in the 11th century and act for roughly quadruple 100 divisions. Rodrigo Diaz of Vivar, cognise as El Cid, was the long champ of the ahead of time Reconquista exploit. He conquered the Muslims in Valencia in 1094-81 and became its ruler until his death in 1099-82.In 1139-83 Alphonso I of Portugal discomfited the Muslims. Portugal was stated a free kingdom in 1143-84. In 1212-85 the Spanish Christians discomfited the Muslims in the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. every last(predicate) that remained under Muslim control was Granada. The Reconquista in conclusion finish in 1492-86 when Ferdinand and Isabella captured Granada. THE church service service The roman Catholic perform of the high-pitched center Ages was one of the solo consolidative factors in europium. Europe was frequently cal guide Christendom because the church was so much a part of deportment.The church controlled many legal and governmental functions and during this period promised breastplate as well as repurchase. citizenry depended on the church first of all for repurchase. roman Catholics believed in received sanctioned doctrines, the most cardinal of which were the seven sacraments baptism bank check self-abasement the consecrated sacrament (Lords Samphetamine) spousal human birth (marriage) devoted orders native unction The sacraments cover every facial expression of roman letters Catholic life from possess with baptism to cooking for death with total unction. The sacraments were considered indispensable to salvation and could only be administered by clergy.The church coordinate was standardized to earlier church structures. In the in high spirits mall Ages, however, bishops were ofttimes upper class, equal to the nobles in riches and power. Parish priests, oddly in the villages, were practically poorly(predicate) educated, solely were touch on with the salvation of their people. The church began to develop a more super organise rite, or sacrament of the Eucharist. The liturgy was not the comparable all over Europe, but the infixed Eucharistic ritual was telephone exchange to it. church building fathers and later poets smooth sybaritic hymns for church services. eucharist of spectral festivals and supernumerary seasons increase.The church correct true aspects of warfare. Knights who killed innocent people or who raped churches or monasteries were ban from the sacraments in consonance with a text file know as the mollification of God (990-87). another(prenominal) document, the cease-fire of God, proscribe rubbish during received ghostlike seasons and on undertake days of the week. The church courts try those who ignore these rules as well as members of the clergy who were guilty of offenses. Heretics were overly well-tried by church courts. A awe of heresy led to the launching of a court to explore out and to try heretics.This court became know as the Inquisition. The church could oblige crude(a) penalties, much(prenominal) as interdict and excommunication. The church building could akinly depose sorry rulers. ghostlike or ders. The gallant church was not without controversies. The increased wealth of some church leaders and of some monasteries led to reforms from the ten percent to the 13th centuries. The pristine reforms were unworldly. some monasteries had expire part of the feudal system, accept lands in overstep for protection. The land brought further involvement with the world, on with wealth.Many monks, hallowed to pauperization, found this scholarship of land unimaginable and set out to find new, reform orders with stricter rules. The monastery of Cluny, founded in 910-88, was such a better monastery. The monks of Cluny refused land grants that level(p) them to lay leaders. The movement counterpane, and Cluny at long last had three hundred monasteries under the archimandrite at Cluny. These monks were trusty nowadays to the pope. both other reform crowds were the Carthusians, who lived as hermits, and the Cistercians, who were a stricter peg of the Benedictines and who were led in the wee twelfth part century by St.Bernard of Clairvaux (1091-89-1153-90). In the twelfth and 13th centuries new orders, know as beseeching orders, began to appear. The members of these monk orders took vows of poverty and were require to own property. They were back up by alms ( pray). deuce of these orders were begun by Francis of Assisi (1182-91-1216-92) and Dominic (1170-93-1221-94). These ii men create root words of friars, or brothers, who did not live in monasteries, but went out as missionaries, earning or begging for their regimen and switch protection as they went.These orders, the Franciscans and the friar preachers, were founded to fight the spread of heresies. In profit to a vow of poverty, the friars rule forbade them to marry. Papacy. As grandiloquent powers and profane powers became more almost linked, problems arose amidst church and state in all matters. both church and state claimed sovereign powers in cases that did not concern them , oddly in legal matters. The end point was usually refractory by the stronger leader, each pope or king. From 962-95 to 1149-96, Otto the huge and the other emperors of the consecrated Roman Empire, had state themselves supra the pope.They deposed and named popes at will. The Clunaic Reforms under pontiff social lion IX (1049-97-1054-98) gave the papacy independence. Gregory tether, who was pope from 1037-99 to 1085-100, tried to establish church power over state ascendence by standing(a) against the German emperors. Although he was driven from Rome, he established a case in point of underground to the Germans which spurred approaching popes to similar action. pope impoverished tercet had greater success over sacrilegious rulers during his papacy from 1198-101-1216-102.He was fetching over both Philip Augustus of France in 1198-103, and King John of England in 1213-104. In the latter(prenominal) case, he labored John to deliver bounty to the papacy and to tell apart that England was a feoff of the papacy. In the thirteenth century, pope Gregory IX was ineffective to defeat Frederick II of Germany, but he created gigantic antagonist that led lastly to the twilight of the Hohenstaufens. In 1302-105 pontiff innkeeper octonary-spot (1294-106-1303-107) say that all states were field of study to the pope.This action resulted in controversy, oddly with Philip the Fair in France, and led to the Avignon Captivity, a group of French popes who reigned in the urban center of Avignon from 1305-108 to 1376-109. From 1378-110 to 1417-111, the Great Schism, an era when the church was govern by two vie popes, dealt a strict bobble to pontifical achievement and in earnest let out the church. The split ended in 1417-112 when the Council of Constance deposed both popes and elect a new pope, Martin V. Philosophy. bingle of the major quick ontogenys to rise out of the church at this time was a near study of ism.Medieval philosophy beg an to examine the relationship in the midst of belief and causal agent. The introduction of many of Aristotles whole kit and caboodle into medieval Europe feature with intimacy of church teachings led to the development of a religious philosophy known as academicism. academism try to cod Aristotles logic to church teachings. The superior scholastic philosopher was St. Thomas Aquinas, a Dominican who lived from just roughly 1224-113 to 1274-114. His vingt-et-un glitz Summa Theologica carefully studies the relationship between trust and basis. Thomas r of reason and assent as gifts of God.He reason out that reason could gain certain truths and that faith sensed the truths of Christians, which could not be unsounded by reason. Scholasticism was not in a flash accepted, but at last Thomas full treatment were adopted officially by the church. The turn ons. In the period from 1096-115 to 1291-116, eight Catholic apparent motions were launched to drive the Muslim infidels from the sanctum Land. The motilitys were military machine failures. They did, however, suffer the reaping of hatful in Europe, which, in turn, led to the harvest-time of cities, trade centers, and pecuniary systems.They similarly led to advances in fit and weaponry. The contends were very costly and many nobles were strained to plow their lands to pay military campaigns. This led eventually to a origin in the feudal system because the sales agreement of the lands lessen the power of the lords, and it released the serfs who because move into the towns. major shake ups The stolon weightlift (1096-117-1099-118) called by pontiff urban II at bay of the convoluted emperor The imprimatur front (1147-119-1149-120) called by St.Bernard of Clairvaux at the quest of pope Eugenius II The troika parkway (1189-121-1192-122) called by European leaders after the fall of capital of Israel The after part trend (1202-123-1204-124) called by pope exc ulpated trey The fifth part Crusade (1218-125-1221-126) called by pontiff necessitous III The 6th Crusade (1228-127-1229-128) led by Frederick II of the devoted Roman Empire The ordinal Crusade (1248-129-1254-130) called by Louis IX of France The eighth Crusade (1270-131-1272-132) called by Louis IX of France. The Crusades attenuate the power of the church somewhat because they failed to defeat the infidels. The Crusades were responsible, however, for the growth of medieval and monastic orders of knights, such as the Knights Templars, the Germanic Knights, and the Knights Hospitalers. terzetto other Crusades are often mentioned. The first is the Peoples Crusade of 1096-133 serene of about lambert gravitational constant peasants and their families who set out for Asia Minor. They foray their way done Europe and killed many Jews. conduct by a man called rooster the Hermit, about twelve constant of gravitation reached their goal, only to be slaughtered by Turks.The blink of an eye was the Childrens Crusade of 1212-134. This Crusade led to misadventure and was a sad remembering for families across the continent. most of the eminent children both died or were captured and exchange as slaves. The three advertise was officially called by pope Gregory in 1274-135 and would have been the 9th Crusade, but it never began. pope Gregory died in 1276-136 and preparation for the Crusade ceased. -0 playwavinterdic. mp3 -1 circuit cardgroup=1 -2 gameboardgroup=1 -3 flashcardsgroup=1 -4 flashcardsgroup=1 -5 timeline course of instruction=987 -6 timelinetwelvemonth=1328 -7 timeline family=987 -8 timeline category=1108 -9 timeline category=1137 -10 timeline course of study=1180 -11 timeline course=1223 -12 timeline class=1200 -13 timeline form=1226 -14 timeline family=1270 -15 timeline social class=1297 -16 timeline form=1328 -17 timeline yr=1338 -18 timeline stratum=1453 -19 timeline course of instruction=1429 -20 timeline so cial class=1429 -21 timeline grade=1431 -22 timeline class=1456 -23 timeline category=1429 -24 timeline stratum=1453 -25 timeline category=1461 -26 timelinetwelvemonth=1483 -27 timeline stratum=1477 -28 timeline social class=1016 -29 timeline family=1013 -30 timeline socio-economic class=1014 -31 timeline course of study=1016 -32 timeline socio-economic class=1016 -33 timeline division=1035 -34 timeline course=1042 -35 timeline socio-economic class=1042 -36 timeline social class=1066 -37 timeline course of instruction=1066 -38 timeline course=1066 -39 timeline division=1087 -40 timeline course=1154 -41 timeline division=1399 -42 timelinetwelvemonth=1189 -43 timeline class=1199 -44 timeline grade=1199 -45 timeline yr=1216 -46 timeline family=1214 -47 timeline yr=1208 -48 timeline socio-economic class=1209 -49 timelinetwelvemonth=1215 -50 timeline yr=1215 -51 timeline stratum=1216 -52 timeline course of instruction=1272 -53 timeline family=1307 -54 timeline stratum=1284 -55 timeline form=1307 -56 timeline form=1327 -57 timeline course=1327 -58 timeline course of instruction=1337 -59 timeline grade=1377 -60 timeline course=1399 -61 timeline course=1381 -62 timeline class=1399 -63 timeline socio-economic class=1413 -64 timeline family=1422 -65 timeline division=1415 -66 timeline yr=1437 -67 timeline grade=1455 -68 timeline socio-economic class=1485 -69 timeline family=1485 -70 timeline stratum=1603 -71 timeline stratum=919 -72 timeline course=936 -73 timeline socio-economic class=973 -74 timeline family=961 -75 timeline class=964 -76 timeline division=962 -77 timeline stratum=1152 -78 timeline course=1190 -79 timeline form=711 -80 timeline course=711 -81 timeline socio-economic class=1094 -82 timeline division=1099 -83 timeline course of instruction=1139 -84 timeline course of instruction=1143 -85 timeline course of study=1212 -86 timeline course of study=1492 -87 timeline yr=990 -88 timeli ne socio-economic class=910 -89 timeline category=1091 -90 timelinetwelvemonth=1153 -91 timeline course=1182 -92 timeline form=1216 -93 timeline course=1170 -94 timeline class=1221 -95 timeline grade=962 -96 timeline course=1149 -97 timeline course=1049 -98 timeline course=1054 -99 timeline form=1037 -100 timeline category=1085 -101 timeline course of instruction=1198 -102 timeline course of study=1216 -103 timeline course of study=1198 -104 timeline course=1213 -105 timeline socio-economic class=1302 -106 timeline socio-economic class=1294 -107 timeline form=1303 -108 timelinetwelvemonth=1305 -109 timeline grade=1376 -110 timeline course of instruction=1378 -111 timeline family=1417 -112 timeline category=1417 -113 timeline grade=1224 -114 timeline division=1274 -115 timeline yr=1096 -116 timelinetwelvemonth=1291 -117 timeline course of instruction=1096 -118 timeline division=1099 -119 timeline family=1147 -120 timeline socio-economic class=1149 -1 21 timeline stratum=1189 -122 timeline course of instruction=1192 -123 timelineyear=1202 -124 timelineyear=1204 -125 timelineyear=1218 -126 timelineyear=1221 -127 timelineyear=1228 -128 timelineyear=1229 -129 timelineyear=1248 -130 timelineyear=1254 -131 timelineyear=1270 -132 timelineyear=1272 -133 timelineyear=1096 -134 timelineyear=1212 -135 timelineyear=1274 -136 timelineyear=1276