Heritage Listed Sites- Should It Be Open to Public or Kept Private Essay

Did you know that on that point argon 962 properties listed as inheritance poses in the creation? As we awargon the Kakadu subject Park, Uluru, Shark Bay and bully Barrier Reef in Australia ar also listed as terra firma inheritance state of affairss. However, there be currently 38 properties listed in danger because of various reasons unable to support with technical, scientific expertise in twain(prenominal) sweeps or befoulment, uncontrolled urbanization, unchecked cristalistry (Amanpour, 2012) in many cases. UNESCO (2013) states that the Tourism impacted on the lays greatly since the ball hereditary pattern properties ar among the most popular and heavily promoted tourist destinations in many countries. The dramatic current and projected growth of international and interior(prenominal) travel represents both challenges and opportunities for area inheritance Sites and surrounding populations. Poorly wangled touristry at a site place pose major threats to hereditary pattern in all of its forms and degrade the quality of the visitor experience.For example, The large(p) Barrier Reef was declared as a world hereditary pattern area in 1981, there control been more than two one thousand one million million peck visited the lower each year and generated more than $AU2 billion in tourism dollar, making tourism a major earner for the north-eastern Australian economy and also gave controvert impact that reproachd fragile corals by reef walking, bemire in the water with mankind activities non further if fuels from boats but associated with run -off sweat and suntan lotion affected on the reef environment (Australia brass, 2007). There is a question arose for the heritage listed sites whether it should be open to semi common or kept clandestine in regularise to cling to and conserve them.It is a controversial topic on the cosmos access to the heritage listed sites some people may say that the sites should be kept in ba ckstage in sound out to protect the area, or some say it should be open to earthly concern so it give become the great eudaimonia to economy. W hile tourism can allow for a way to educate the public on the importance of the reef, the continual flow of people over a few select areas of the spectacular Barrier Reef region can also pose some problems. A director of Centre of Future Studies believes that There is a contrast amongst environmental concerns and commercial interests in terms of heritage listed sites (SMH, 2006).It exit be discussed the potential benefits and regaining for both cases and solutions that can compromise the benefit and the issues.World inheritance Listed Site refers to a place ( such(prenominal) as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, make, multiplex, or city) that is listed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) as of special cultural or physical significance. as per Wikipedia (2013). There are 19 0 states parties ratified The World inheritance Convention, as of September 2012, to benefactor these countries with heritage listed sites in terms of maintaining and conserving the sites ( UNESCO, 2013). By all means that a place listed as world heritage site, the place lead be back up by UNESCO in relation with protect and maintaining the sites with wellhead incorporate plan. W hat is it that makes the sites so important many countries have form as rescue team to protect the heritage sites?There are a number of reasons as the following It is our legacy from the past, what we live with today, and what we precipitate on to prox generations. Our cultural and inwrought heritage is both irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration. Places as unique and diverse as the wilds of East Africas Seren invitei, the Pyramids of Egypt, the gravid Barrier Reef in Australia and the Baroque cathedrals of Latin the States make up our worlds heritage (UNESCO, 2013). In accessory, the herit age listed sites reflects the way the past lived, thoughts or even the changes geographically over the epoch in the area which is a great source for researches and studies, the sites also accept the gardening of the society.The World Bank defines culture as the whole complex of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features that characterize a society or social group. It includes not only arts and letters, but also modes of life, the implicit in(p) rights of the human being, value frames, traditions, and beliefs (cited on Endresen, p 5). Janet Stephenson, of Dunedin, who is New Zealand historic places religious belief representative states the importance of the heritage listed sites as this is something you dont get in a museum and each of these places has heritage role (cited on Allan, D. The entropy Times, p19).Also, Australian Government states the importance of heritage listed sites for education, it is important to inspire students to research our unique world heritage listed places and develop an appreciation of heritage values. An disposition of heritage place in Australia and their significance in the world lead encourage young people to appreciate and help preserve them for future generation ( surroundings Government, 2011).As mentioned earlier, it leaves a big question on how to protect the heritage listed sites, should it be open to public or kept private? There are number of reasons it should open to public. First of all, it can bring great benefits monetarily to local anaesthetic and country as whole, according to Department of Environment and Conservation, Government of Western Australia, it increases riches of local community, in which the heritage listed site is located, and modify to promote the areas to domestic and international visitors.Harriott states the marine tourism application is a major contributor to the Australian economy, with an estimated direct value in excess of $1 billion (Wachenfeld et al, 1998 cited 2002, p12). For example, Australian icons such as Uluru , The coarse Barrier Reef, and The Tasmanian Wilderness attracted a great number of visitations for both nationally and internationally which was result of heavily featuring in Tourism advance since the sites listed as world heritage (Shark Bay, 2009). By the booming in Tourism, the area needed more facilities to accommodate the visitors with hotels, restaurants, retail shops and entertainments which created employment opportunity. Producer groups such as construction firms, skilled tradespeople and unskilled proletarians benefited from extra work created in the heritage sector also increased local and government income from workers tax (Abelson, 2000).Another example Zhan-gjia-jie National Park, is Chinas first national park and also well-known for the Avatar Hollywood movie. For this reason, tourism has boomed in the region resulted in generating stinting wealth, creation of jobs and festering opportunities fo r local residents. Zhan -gjia-jie receives up to 40,000 tourists a day during its high season (UNWTO, 2011).Secondly, the verifying economic impact gained through the profit in Tourism can lead to confident(p) impact on hereditary pattern sites- providing stemma for site preservation and administerment In 1995 the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) provided a $1.7 million grant to help preserve prehistoric cave paintings at 260 sites in evoke of appearance the Capivara Park, a W orld hereditary pattern Site in north-eastern Brazil. The grant include funding to improve roads in order to stimulate tourism as a source of income for local residents, thereby improving economic conditions and helping to reduce activities that were destroying the sites (cited on Andresen, 1999, p8).Thirdly, Visitors to World inheritance sites can adopt or so(predicate) natural, cultural and historical characteristics (Alberta, 2012) . Having a real experience of the heritage listed sites by t ouching, looking and feeling the existence of the property will be definitely different from learning by photos and story -telling. In spite of the benefits aforementioned, promoting Tourism can negatively impact on the sites itself and the environment imputable to constructions, pollution and over urbanization. The site will need to accommodate the tourists in hospitality needs hotels, restaurants and bars, and with other activities to explore that sites, it cannot avoid having a maturation in the area.There are examples of heritage sites damaged from Tourism such as Angkor Wat which is a temple complex in Cambodia, and the Inca fortress of Machu Picchu in Peru are often cited as places of world-historical importance where a vast inflow of tourists may be ca apply serious damage (The economist, 2012). Also, some researchers intelligibly demonstrate that The Great Barrier Reef, the worlds largest coral system in Queensland (Wikipedia, 2012), is being damaged (GBRMPA, 2009 cited o n Great barrier reef foundation, 2009) and lost half of its coral in the past 27years ( Holland, 2012) by human activities such as fishing, mining, farming and unsorting rubbishes, University of Michigan also states that the human found pollution caused such harm to our reefs needs to be stopped or reduced significantly if we wish to save this fragile ecosystem .In addition there might be unwanted cultural changes, and Demonstration install (Endresen, 1999, p8) that comes from exposure to western culture and lifestyle due to tourism, sometimes is blame for spoiling local culture. concord to Endresen (1997, p7) unmanaged tourism can result cheapening of culture and traditions alienation and loss of cultural identity in the heritage sites.capital of Seychelles Falls is the most applicable example in terms of the damages on the heritage listed sites from open to public, led to a various conservation challenges related to urban development, tourism pressure invasive species poachi ng pissing pollution and abstraction and, institutional challenges (African World Heritage Fund , 2012) which may take up to years to get it recovered. It is critical to get those sites (not only Victoria Falls, but the other 37 sites as mentioned earlier) restored and preserved with our trouble and care.On the other hand, if it is being kept private it will enable to reserve the area more efficiently as there isnt access allowed for public so it can prevent from getting polluted and over-urbanized in the area. Also that helps to preserve damaged areas and get it re-stored as there will not be any restrictions to undergo the repair work. The majestic tombs, which are registered as UNESCO World Heritage sites, have not allowed public access for the reason of preservation. After going through maintenance and instal several convenience facilities, the tombs ar e now ready to obtain visitors (visit Korea, 2012).W hat about the potential economic growth in their community or the cou ntry by developing the heritage site? The development will attract more tourists who like to visit the heritage sites and trigger increase of GDP through the economic activities made between tourists and locals which will lead to the development of the country as a whole. heterogeneous economists state the development of tourism has usually been considered a positive constituent to economic growth (Lim, 1997 Oh, 2005 cited on Chanchrat, 2011, p2).Since it is kept private, there will be forgone cost from not allowing the public access to the site and various parties will lose their potential benefit the property owner loses in admission price fees, local community loses in the benefit from involving active economy in the site area, and the government loses tax income from the sellers and buyers of the economic activity.According to UNICCO it is challengeable to manage the future growth of the industry so as to minimise its negative impacts on the environment and host communities wh ilst maximising the benefits it brings in terms of jobs, wealth and support for local culture and industry, and bulwark of the built and natural environment (1999, p21 cited on Endresen, 1999, p2), just like it challenges to keep the heritage sites protected so as to get economic benefit from being open to public. It is lucid that we need to conserve the listed sites at its best by keeping it private but it is, also, impeccable for people at present to get explored of what the ancestors genetic for us, and learn from it to make better future which will be patrimonial to future generation for our children. It can be protected while the heritage sites being open to public via a number of ways as belowFirst of all, the industry and the organisation should encourage the public ken in regards to the importance of the heritage listed sites and the ways that we ca n brook to protect them. By promoting education for the heritage sites with placing conservation materials at visitor cen tre will enable to increase public sensory faculty in terms of the importance of those sites.Build capacity for cultural management and apology of world heritage cultural asset Promote public alertness of the social value of world heritage sites and the importance of natural resources (MDGIF, 2012) .For instance there can be TV commercial and donation design promoted by UNESCO just like UNICEF charity program we often memorize on TV and on airlines that will enable people to aware its importance and for them to practice the good manner when they visit those sites. Also by giving wrist band or badge to people who contributed donation, in recognition of their contribution which will increase the public sensation and helps for the fund needed to support the heritage listed sites.And also managing Heritage listed sites should be well -planned. By promoting publicity- developed plan that identifies appropriate levels and types of use and necessary with building environmental awaren ess, conserving local ecosystem that will result in generating the income and employment for the local communities (Alberta, 2012)Secondly, Responsible Tourism and sustainable Tourism should be encouraged.You can convey tourist numbers, visitor numbers to grow. And the high level of visitation should not damage the value of the site. So you should have a plan for sustainable tourism in the sites, for all the components (Bali Daily, 2012). Responsible Tourism refers to tourism that makes positive contributions to the conservation of natural and cultur al heritage embracing diversity and it believes individuals, organizations and businesses are asked to take responsibility for their actions and the impacts of their actions (Wikipedia, 2012). UNESCO states if tourism is undertaken responsibly, it can be a device driver for the preservation and conservation of cultural and natural heritage and a fomite for sustainable developmentSustainable Tourism is tourism attempting to make as low impact on the environment and local culture as possible, while helping to generate future employment for local people ensure that development brings a positive experience for local people, tourism companies and the tourists themselves (Wikipedia, 2013). It also helps to meet the needs of the present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing opportunity for the future (World Tourism Organization cited on Pedersen, 2002, p20). Sustainable tourism relies on the development and emphasizes the delivery of quality visitor experiences within not damaging any of the property values or cultural values. According to UNESCO (2013) it demands effective, cooperative commitment and coordination between site management and all relevant public agencies and private enterprises in order to achieve the sustainable and responsible tourism development and visitor management.For example, worldwide Hotel & Restaurant Association (IH &RA) and International Hotels Environment Initiative ( IHEI) have helped in raising the public awareness in terms of environmental issues and provided practical advice with Action Pack to promote hotels, and other various industry association have also supported with codes and guidelines that can promote Responsible Tourism (Endresen, 1999, p10).Thirdly, attest regulations. Government should establish appropriate regulations and tools to monitor and assess the heritage listed sites consistently in order to maintain them. Under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Act 1999 (EPBC Act), Governments may require their departments and agencies to have regard for heritage considerations in asset management decisionsOrganizations that have control of her itage assets also have a second service obligation. duration they use assets in delivering their primary service, they are also responsible for the stewardship of the assets and protection of their significance for future generations The management of heritage assets should be viewed as an meaty part of the management of the assets, rather than another problem and cost impost. Sustainable management of heritage values should be treated by an result as part of its core business -GAMC, 2003, p13 cited on management of public historic heritage places, 2006, p193).In conclusion, tourism can impact on the heritage listed sites heavily either it damages heritage sites with unmanaged plans, conversely it makes a great contribution on conserving the sites as well as enabling the tradition to be alive from the profits made. It is impeccable that organization manage any activities in relation to tour operation (travel agencies, airline s and government), should take into accounts in order to conserve the areas in relation to promoting public awareness of environmental issues. The business should be encouraged to design trip-packages that pinch nature resources and culture s. For example, star watch tour photography tour camping on the sites refurbish local old buildi ngs for accommodation using solar powers and recycling water, composing and sorting the rubbish, to minimize the potential damage to the sites. It can be a good idea to promote honor system that allows entry for only certain organizations that practice the sustainability tourism, to the heritage sites and swirl them a cheaper rate of loan for future business.ReferenceAbelson, P. 2000. Valuing the Public Benefits of Heritage Listing of Commercial Buildings, forthcominghttp//www.appliedeconomics.com.au/pubs/reports/heritage.htm (accessed 13 Jan 2013).African World Heritage Fund. World Heritage Sites and Sustainable Tourism Situational Analysis Victoria locomote world heritage site, Report 2, functional http//awhf.net/documents/Tourism%20 -%20Report%202%20%20Victoria%20Falls%20World%20Heritage%20Site.pdf (accessed 13 Jan 2013). Alberta. 2012. 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